Ảnh hưởng của độ già thu hoạch đến chất lượng và thời hạn tồn trữ của quả hồng nhân hậu - Trần Thị Lan Hương

Nội dung text: Ảnh hưởng của độ già thu hoạch đến chất lượng và thời hạn tồn trữ của quả hồng nhân hậu - Trần Thị Lan Hương

1. TC.DD&TP 7(1)-2011 ANH HUONG CUA DO GIA THU HAI DEN CHAT LUONG VA THOI HAN TON TRU CUA QUA HONG NHAN HAU Tran Thi Lan Huang', Le ThiHgp^ Dp gia thu hai, chat luong va thai ban ton trii qua sau thu hoach luon co mli quan he mat thilt vdi nhau, dac bi?t doi vdi nhimg qua thuoc nhom co ho hip dot biln nhu qua blng. Ngoai ra, thai vu thu hoach qua hong Nhan Hau chi keo dai trong khoang mot thang, a thoi diem dinh vu, luong qua thu hoach qua nhilu tao nen ap luc 16m cho viec tieu thu san phim. Chinh vi vay ma viec xac dinh chit luong ciia qua or tung do gia thu hai va thai gian tam trir tuong ung sau thu hoach a dilu kien thuong la muc tieu ciia nghien cuu nay. Trong do, mau sic vo qua duoc su dung la chi tieu danh gia do gia ciia qua hong Nhan Hau va qua duoc thu hai a 3 dp gia khac nhau: khi vo c6 mau vang, vang xanh va xanh tuong ung voi dp gia 3,2 va 1 <DG3,DG2 va DGI). Kit qua thi nghiem cho thIy, qua cang gia thi ham lupng 1 s6 thanh phan hoa hpc chinh trong qua nhu chat kho ting so, chat ran hoa tan, carotenoid deu tang, tanin giam do vay chit lupng qua chin se tit hon, ding thai nang suit qua ciing tang (DG3 tang so vai DG2, DGI tuong ung la 3,9 va 11,3%). Trong dilu kien thuong, qua thu hoach o dp gia 3 chi co the tam trii khong qua 10 ngay, con dp gia 2 la 20 ngay, qua chin c6 chit lupng cam quan rlt tot. Vai thai gian tam trii nhu vay thi qua thu hai a dp gia 3 chi co the tieu thu is thi truong gan, con dp gia 2 phu hpp cho van chuyen di xa hay du tru tranh thai diem dinh vu thu hoach. Dp gia 1 co thai gian ton trii la 30 ngay, qua chin co chit lupng cam quan chap nhan dupe phu hop vai vif c tnmg bay hay trang hoang trong ngay le. Tu khoa: Qud hdng Nhan hau, do gid thu hdi, chat luang, thdi hgn ton trir sau thu hoach I. DAT VAN DE dot bien, do gia thu hai c6 anh huong rat Hong Nhan Hau la mot tiong hai lan toi nang suat, chat lugng, thai ban ton giong hong do pho bien nhat a nude ta. trii sau thu hoach [10]: qua thu hoach non Qua thuong duoc thu hoach vao cuoi thi nang suat thap, cac chat dinh duong thang 9 dau thang 10 duong lich, khi chui chua dugc tich luy day dii, chat lugng qua CO mau do, sang bong, vi ngpt mat nen kem, qua thu hoach qua gia thi co the tu thucmg dugc chpn dat trong mam qua chin rat nhanh sau thu hoach, trong cung rim trung thu ciia nguoi Viet va truong hgp dang van chuyen hay ton trii nguoi dan a mot so quoc gia khac nhu thi se gay chin som dong loat gay ton that Trung Quoc, Nhat Ban [l]. Thit qua con CO khi tai 100%. la nguin cung cap B-carotene ciing nhu Co rlt nhilu chi tieu dugc su dung dl mot so carotenoid quan tiong khac cho danh gia do gia qua nhu mau sac vo, do con nguoi. Ngoai ra, cay hong con la loai Cling, ham lugng dich qua, tong lugng cay it ken dIt, chiu dugc ban nen da dugc chit rin boa tan, thai gian tii khi dau qua tiong d mot so tinh trung du, mien mii din khi thu hoach [4]. Trong do, mau phia Bac nuoc ta tir nhieu nam nay. Chi sic vo thuong dugc su dung de danh gia rieng huyen Luc Ngan tinh Bac Giang da do gia cho nhiing loai qua co mau sac CO dien tich khoang 1200 ha, hang nam thay dii dot biln trong qua trinh chin nhu cho san lugng 12-15 nghin tin qua tuoi. chuoi, hing, ca chua, xoai Hong Nhan Hau la loai qua c6 ho hap ' Ks. Bd mdn Thytcphdm vd dinh dudng, Khoa CNTP, Trudng DHNNHd Ngi. ' PGS. TS - Vi^n dinh dudng qudc gia. 93
2. TC. DD & TP7(l)-201l Nghien cuu nhIm xac dinh thoi gian . Chit lugng cam quan cua qua chin dugc t6n tiii a dilu kien tiiuong va chit lugng danh gia blng phuong phap cho diem thi cam quan sau khi ton trii cho qua h6ng hilu [2] theo thang dilm tii I - 5 d6i voi Nhan Hau thu hai 6 cac do gia khac nhau 3 chi tieu: mau vo qua, mau thit qua, vi de khuyin cao cho cac chii vuon hay qua, dilm I ling voi chit lugng kem nhlt nhiing co so kinh doanh loai qua nay, tii vl chi tieu dua ra danh gia, dilm 5 ung do ho CO thi len ke hoach sii dung qua voi chit lugng tit, dac trung cho qua tiiich hgp gop pbln lam giam tinh thoi vu hdng Nhan Hau. Hpi ddng danh gia cam va tang tinh bin viing cho san xult qua quan gdm 12-15 thanh vien ca nam va nii hong Nhan Hau. tudi tii 20- 23 da cd kiln thuc va kl nang IL NGYfeN LifiU VA PHlTONG vl danh gia chit lugng cam quan thuc PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ pham, cd ngudng cam giac tuomg ddi ddng dIu va dugc tap huln vl cac miic Qua blng Nhan Hau dugc thu hai tii diem ciia tiing chi tieu can danh gia. cac cay 7-8 tuoi trong tiong ciing mpt vuOTi tai thon Doan Kit, xa Tan Quang, So Ueu thi nghiem dugc xu ly thing huyen Luc Ngan, tinh BIC Giang. Qua ke blng phan mem MINITAB 14. dugc thu hai each nhau 10 ngay, do gia I III. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA (DGI) thu hai som nhlt sau 140-145 BAN LUAN ngay ke tii khi dau qua, vo qua xanh hoan 1. Anh hudng cua do gia thu hai din toan, do gia 2 (DG 2): vo mau vang xanh, nang suit va mdt s6 chi tieu li hoa do gia 3 (DG3): vo mau vang. Qua dugc chinh ciia nguyen lieu thu hai dung ki thuat, dugc xIp vao Tdng thdi gian tii khi dau qua cho den thiing x6p (35- 40 kg/ thiing) theo tiing khi thanh thuc (chin) sinh 11 ciia qua hdng lap, cuong quay vao nhau, giiia cac lap ndi chung la khoang 120-190 ngay tiiy CO lot giay mem va van chuyen ve phong theo gidng va dilu kien thdi tilt, dugc thi nghiem tiong vong 24h ke tii khi thu chia lam 3 giai doan, thdi gian tuong ling hoach. Trong qua trinh xep vao thiing da vdi tiing giai doan I, II va III la 60-100, loai bo nhiing qua khac mau vo, kich 20- 40 va 40-50 ngay. Trong giai doan I thuoc qua lan hay qua nho, bi sau, thoi, xay ra qua trinh phan chia hay chuyen bIm dap hay nhiing qua co khuylt tat biet hda tl bao, giai doan III la qua trinh Tai phong thi nghiem, nguyen lieu tang trudng /thanh thuc cua tl bao ciing dugc lua chgn mgt lln niia sao cho ding nhu tich liiy cac chit dinh dudng can dIu vl kich thuoc, mau sac, tiep theo qua thilt, cdn tim quan frpng ciia giai doan II dugc nia sach, lam kho, bao kin tiing qua vIn chua dugc bilt rd [5,6]. Qua cd thi blng tiii PE day 0.06 mm, xep vao cac sot chin dugc binh thudng trudc khi dat nhira din dly (8-10 kg/sgt) voi ting s6 la thanh thuc sinh U, sau khi chin hoan toan 550 -^ 600 qua. Cac sgt nay dugc dat tiong qua se thdi hdng. Chinh vi vay ngudi ta dilu kien thudng c6 nhiet dp 27 ± 40C ludn phai can nhIc giiia cac ylu td nang Cac chi tieu vat ly va boa sinh bao suat, chit lugng va thdi dilm/dd gia thu gim: kich thuoc, khoi lugng, dp ciing, hai khi tiln hanh thuong mai hda qua mau sic vo qua va ham lugng tanin, vita­ hdng. Mdt sd chi tieu U hda chinh ciia qua min C, chit kho ting so, chit rln boa tan hong thu hai d cac dp gia khac nhau dugc da dugc xac dinh blng cac phuang phap the hien d bang 1. 94
3. TC.DD&TP 7(1)-2011 Bdng I. Mft s6 chi tieu hoa li chinh cua nguyen liSu TT Cac chi tieu Don vi DGI DG2 DG3 Chieu cao 60 9 ± mm 0,42 ^^'^" ^ °'^^ ^''^'^ =^ 0'94 1 ^, , EHrtmg kinh lom thuoc _, , , . . mm 52,8= ±0,7 56,0" ±0,37 58,51" ±1,29 Duomg kinh nho mm ^0,2/ 55,2'±0,32 57,36' ± 1,32 Khoi lupng tnmg binh 118,05'±0,6 127,97''±1,1 132,99'±0,24 L 47,24 ± 50,55 ±0,45 51,74 ±1,27 1,31 a -2,26 ± M^u sac 0,9 ±0,94 1,67 ±0,52 0,56 b 30,24 ± 0,26 J 1,^^ -«- IjJ^t J 1 ,uu ^ u,to 61,77* ± 51,16" ± 4 Dp cung N 4,22 1,65 47,36" ±1,62 16,17" ± 18,63" ± 5 HL chit rln hoa tan •^x 0,03 0,11 19,57* ±0,34 23,58* ± 6 HL chit kho tdng s6 % 23,65* ±6,04 6,10 23,8* ±5,74 7 HL tanin hoa tan %CT 2,56* ±0,03 1,91" ±0,08 1,60" ±0,03 8 HL vitamin C mg% CT 50,51* ±0,6 45,93* ±1,73 33,11" ±0,12 9 HL Carotenoid TS Hg%CT 733,2" 1061,2" 1683,8* Ghi chu: Trong cimg mgt hdng cdc gid tri trung binhCO cha mii khac nhau thi khac nhau co nghia a mircy nghia p< 0,05 Sd lieu d bang I cho thIy qua thu hai Chi sd L dac trung cho dp sang vd qua, d DGI, DG2, DG3 cd kich thudc v^ khdi cd gia tri tii 0 (xam) din 100 (tiing); chi lugng chenh lech nhau dang kl, qua cang sd a, b dac tnmg cho man sac vd qua, a gia thi khdi lugng va kich thudc cang Idn cd gia tri tii - 60 (xanh la cay) din +60 do qua vIn dang tiong giai doan tang (dd); b cd gia tri tii - 60 (xanh lam) din trudng (qua d DG3 cd khdi lugng Idn hon +60 (vang). Tren banh xe mau, tpa dp cua DG2 la 5g va DGI la 15g). Su sai khac DGI (a= -2,3; b= 30,2) la mau xanh, cdn nay l^ co y nghia thdng ke. Ngoai ra, tdc tpa dp cua DG2 Ik mau xanh vang, DG3 dO tang vl khdi lugng ciing nhu kich la mau vang. Su chuyin mau nay la do thudc (chii ylu la dudng kinh Idn) tiong khi qua cang gia thi lugng carotenoid khoing tiidi gian tii DGI din DG2 Idn tdng sd (chu ylu la cac thanh pbln qui hon so vdi tii DG2 din DG3 (chenh lech dinh mau vang) dugc tdng hgp nhilu ban lln lugt la 10 v^ 5 g vl khdi lugng). Vi ddng thdi vdi su giam din chlorophyl, vSy, khi thu hai d DGI thi nang suit se nhdm sic td qui dinh mau xanh [5,9]. tiilp hon dang kl (11,3%) so vdi DG3, vl dp Cling, DGI dat gia tri cao nhlt, tuy nhien tin thit nay se khdng nhilu DG3 thIp nhlt. Qua cang gia tiii dp ciing (3,9%) nlu tiiu hai d DG2. cua md qua cang giam din, nguyen nhan vl miu sic vd qua, DG3 cd chi sd L, la do su tiiay ddi vl clu tinic cua lop giiia a, b cao nhlt tiong ba dp gia, tilp tiieo la (middle lamella) lam giam su kit dinh DG2 vk DGI cd chi sd L, a, b thIp nhlt. giiia cac tl bao; do su pha vd cau true 95
4. TC. DD & TP 7 (1)-2011 toan bd thanh tl bao (mdt hay nhilu thanh nhiet dp tiiudng la khdng the tianh khdi. phan cau true ciia thanh tl bao bi pha vo: Qua thdi hdng chu ylu la do bi sau benh, protopectin bi thuy phan; galactose, ara- cdn hao hut khdi lugng tu nhien lai la hau binose bi giam tdng hgp ) va do su qua ciia su bay hoi nude va cac hoat ddng phan hiiy ciia cac vat lieu xay dung nen sinh li cua ban than qua. Neu ty le qua hu thanh te bao (chii ylu la bi thuy phan bdi hdng qua cao, ti le hao hut khdi lugng tu enzyme polygalacturonase, cellulase ) nhien Idn se lam tang gia thanh san pham, [7,11] Tuy nhien, d giai doan dau ciia giam kha nang thuong mai tren thi qua trinh gia hda muc dp thay doi nay trudng. Kit qua theo ddi ty le hu hdng va chua cao nen dp ciing van cdn kha Idn, ti le hao hut khdi lugng tu nhien ciia qua dam bao van chuyen qua thuan Igi. tiong qua trinh tdn trii dugc the hien d Bang 1 cdn cho thIy tdng lugng chit bieu do lava lb. ran hoa tan, chat khd tdng sd, carotenoid Bilu dd la cho thIy, ty le qua hdng tdng sd tang khi dp gia thu hai tang, ham tang dan theo do gia thu hai va thdi gian lugng tanin hoa tan va vitamin C thay ddi bao quan. Tai mpi thdi diem theo ddi, theo chieu ngugc lai. Qua cang gia thi su DGI dIu cd ti le hu hdng thap ban 2 dp thanh thuc va hoan thien ve mat sinh ly gia cdn lai (sau 10 ngay bao quan, ti le hu cang cao, lugng chat hiiu co tich luy theo hdng cua DGI, 2 va 3 lln lugt la 1,33; xu hudng hoan thien chat lugng an tuoi 2,08 va 5,9%). Trong cung mdt do gia, cho qua cang nhieu. Trong qua trinh gia thdi gian bao quan cang dai thi ty le hu hda tanin hoa tan- chat tao nen vi chat bi hdng cang cao (sau 10, 20 va 30 ngay polyme hda bdi acetaldehyde (AA) trd bao quan, DGI cd ti le hu hdng lan lugt thanh tanin khdng hoa tan, khdng cd vi la 1,33; 6,93 va 9,93%). Nguyen nhan cua chat. Qua cang gia thi boat tinh cua cac hien tugng nay cd the la do ham lugng eNzjmie chiu tiach nhiem tdng hgp nen tanin hda tan trong qua hdng giam khi dp AA nhu enzyme malic, pyruvate decar­ gia thu hai va thdi gian bao quan tang. boxylase va alcohol dehydrogenase cang Tamn la mdt chit cd kha nang sat khuan tang (Nakatsubo vaCS., 2002). Vi thi, manh giup cho qua hdng cd thi khang khi dp gia cua qua cang tang thi dp chat dugc su xam hai ciia vi sinh vat gay benh ciia qua cang giam: DG3 cd ham lugng [4]. Qua cang gia thi lugng tanin cang tanin thIp ban dang kl so vdi DGI (1,6 giam do do ty le thoi hdng do nIm benh va 2,56 %). Ham lugng vitamin C giam tang len. din theo do gia: cao nhat d DGI (50,51 Trong thdi gian bao quan, qua hdng mg%), tiilp nhlt DG3 (33,11 mg%). khdng nhiing bi thdi hdng ma cdn bi chin 2. Anh hudng cua do gia thu hai den sdm hay chin tiong thdi gian bao quan (sd thdi han ton trir va chat luong cam lieu khdng cdng bd). Ty le qua chin sdm quan cua qua hing chin ludn tang theo dp gia thu hai va thdi gian bao quan. Sau 10 ngay tdn trii, ty le hdng 2.1. Anh hudng cua do gia thu hai chm cua DGI la 0%, DG3 la 6,67%, din den ti le hu hdng va ti le hao hut khoi 20 ngay ty le chin cua DGI la 0,33%, luong tu nhien cua qua trong qua trinh DG3 len tdi 13,33%. Dilu nay la do qua thn trir d nhift do thudng (27 ±4«C) cang gia thi su thanh thuc vl sinh ly ciia Su thdi hdng va hao hut khdi lugng tu qua cang cao lam cho qua tiln nhanh din nhien cua qua tiong qua trinh tdn trii d giai doan chm va gia hoa. Mat khac, qua 96
5. TC.DD&TP 7(1)-2011 hdng thudc nhdm qua nhay cam vdi ety- nhien cua DGI, 2, 3 tuong ling la 1,2%, lene (hooc mdn gay chin), qua cang gia 6,81 va 7,17%). CJ tiidi dilm 10, 20, 30 lugng etylen ndi sinh dugc hinh thanh cang ngay bao quan, ty le hao hut khdi lugng nhilu ddng thdi tinh nhay cam vdi etylene tu nhien cua DGI la 1,2; 2,23 va 2,45%). cang tang, kich thich qua nhanh chin. Nguyen nhan la do qua cang gia cang Bilu dd lb cho thay chieu hudng bien thanh thuc ve sinh H thi cudng do hd hap ddi ty I? hao hut khdi lugng tu nhien va cang Idn, nhat la ddi vdi nhiing qua chin thdi ban bao quan cua qua thu hai d cac sdm, hay nhiing qua bi nhiem nam, bi dp gia khac nhau diln ra tuong tu nhu hdng. Hd bap khdng nhiing tieu hao vat vdi ti le thoi hdng: thdi gian bao quan chat hiiu co ma cdn sinh nhiet, gia tang ckag dai va qua thu hai cang gia thi ty le cudng do thoat hoi nude. Ngoai ra, thdi hao hut khdi lugng cang tang (sau 10 gian bao quan cang dai thi lugng vat chat ngay bao quan ty le hao hut khdi lugng tu hiru CO du trii bi hao hut cang nhieu de duy tri su sdng cho qua. Bieu do 1' Ti If qu& hu hong trong qua trinh Bieu do P. Ti If hao hut khoi lugmg tu nhiSn tin trir trong qua trinh ton tru Tdng hgp cac sd heu vl ti le hu hdng qua cd qua trinh chin sau thu hoach khac, vk ti le hao hut khdi lugng tu nhien kit hgp khi dua vao bao quan hay van chuyen di vdi khuyin cao ciia cac nha khoa hpc cho xa cdn dang d trang thai xanh gia, chua ring vi?c bao quan da sd cac loai rau qua thi sii dung ngay dl an tuoi. Vi vay, trudc se cho hifu qua kmh tl khi ti le hu hdng khi dua ra thi trudng tieu thu ngudi ta dat dudi 10% nen thdi gian bao quan tdi phai tiln hanh rim chm. Chit lugng qua uu cua DG3 la 10 ngay bdi vi sau 20 ngay chm la mdt tiong nhung ylu td quylt dinh tdn trii ti le hu hdng ciia qua la 18,6%; ti true tilp din kha nang thuong mai hda le qua chin trudc la 13,3%, ti le hao hut ciia san phim ciing nhu hieu qua ciia qua khoi lugng tir nhien 10,3%. Tuong tir nhu trinh bao quan. vay, thdi gian bao quan toi uu cua DG2 la Chinh vi li do do sau cac khoang tiidi 20 ngay va DGI la 30 ngay. gian tdn tiii 10, 20 va 30 ngay qua dugc 2.2. Anh hudng ciia dd gia thu hai rim chin blng etylene ngoai sinh va qua den chat luong cam quan cua qua hong chin dugc danh gia chit lugng cam quan chin sau thdi gian ton tru thdng qua cac chi tieu mau sac vd qua, Qua hdng ciing gidng nhu cac loai rau mau sic va vi thit qua 97
6. TC.DD&TP 7(1)-2011 Bdng 2. Chit lugmg cam quan cua qua chin sau thdi gian ton trir _.« ., Sau 10 Chi ti£u Do gia Sau 20 ngiky Sau 30 ngay ngay DGI 3,45" 4,23* 3,96* Mau v6 qua DG2 4,05" 4,51* 3,61* DG3 4,65* 3,58" DGI 4,01* 4,3* 3,66* Mau thit qui DG2 3,95* 4,55* 3,61* DG3 4,21* 3,75" DGI 3,70" 5,00* 4,01" Vi qua DG2 4,60* 5,00* 4,96* DG3 4,70* 4,4" Ghi chu: Trong cung mgt cot cdc gid tri trung binh co chit mu khac nhau thi khde nhau co nghia dmircy nghia ar=0,05; Dau "-" the hi^n sd li?u khong dugrcxac djnh Ket qua d bang 2 cho thay: dp gia thu Vi qua chin ciia DGI cd dilm thIp nhlt hai cd anh hudng den chit lugng cam la do ngay tii khi thu hai qua da cd ham quan cua qua chin, sau 10 ngay ton trii d lugng tanin hda tan cao nhlt, do thanh nhiet dp phdng DGI cd chit lupng cam thuc vl sinh li thIp nhlt nen trong qua quan kem nhlt ca vl mau sac vd qua, mau trinh tdn tru, qua trinh rim chin lugng sic thit qua va vi qua, DG 2 chi kem DG3 tanin hda tan giam khdng nhilu nhu vl mau sic vd; DG3 cd chit lugng cam DG2, DG3. Kit qua la qua chin nhung quan tdt nhlt. Kit qua nay la do khi thu vIn cdn hau vi chat. hai d DG3, qua da tich liiy dugc mpt Sau 20 ngay bao quan, qua chin ciia lugng Idn carotenoid tdng sd (gIp ddi so DGI va DG2 tuy dat dilm cam quan vdi DGI) va cac carotenoid thanh phSn, khdng sai khac d muc y nghia a= 0.05 ve tiong dd cd lycopene la sic td chinh qui ca 3 chi tiSu: mau sic vd qua, mau thit dinh mau sic dd dac trung cho qua hdng. qua va vi qua nhung dilm mau sic ciia Lycopene tiong qua lai phan bd khdng DG2 ludn cao hem. DG3 cd dilm thIp dIu chu ylu d pbln thit qua sat vd, nen nhlt d ca 3 chi tieu ddng nghia vdi chit khi cd lugng lycopene Idn thi vd qua cd lugng cam quan kem nhat. mau dd tuoi rlt hip din va nhd vay DG3 Sau 30 ngay bao quan qua chin ciia cd dilm cam quan vl mau sic vd cao bom. DGI dat dilm cao hon vl mau vd qua, mau Cdn mau sic thit qua cua 3 dp gia khdng thit qua nhung vi qua lai thIp hon DG2. khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke cho du DG3 Nhu v|ly, dk cd chit lugng cam quan van dat diem cam quan cao nhat, bdi vi ciia qua chin dugc danh gia la tot (diSm mau dac trung ciia thit qua hdng la mau tii 4,2- 5.0) till tiidi han tdn tiii ciia DG3 dd vang, cang vao giiia qua mau dd cang la 10 ngky, DGI, DG2 la 20 ngay. Khi it di, tham chi d pbln Idi qua chi cd mau thdi gian bao quan dai hon nhu DG3 la vang do vay cho dii ham lugng 20ng^y, DGI,DG21a 30 ngay tiii chit carotenoid tdng sd, lycopene ciia DGI cd lugng cam quan cua qua chin chi d miic the it hon DG3 nhung tiong qua tiinh chip nhan dugc (dilm tii 3,6-4,2). chin lycopene van dugc tao thanh them IV. KET LUAN tii cac carotenoid thanh pbln khac va du Can cu vao nhung kit qua da thu nhan dk lam cho thit qua cd mau dd vang [5]. dugc cd thi dua ra nhiing kit luan sau: 98
7. TC.DD&TP 7 (I)-2011 '- Dp gia thu hai cd anh hudng din chit cam quan thuc phim. NXB Khoa hpc ky lugng va nang suit qua. Qnk cang gia thi thuat. ham lugng chit ran hda tan, chit khd tdng 4. Bibi N., A. B Khattak and Z.Medmood sd, carotenoid cang tang, ham lugng tanin (2007). QuaUty improvement and shelf cang giam nhd vky ma qua chm se cd life extention of persimmon fiuit (Diospy- chit lugng tdt bom. Nang suit qua ciing ros kaki L.). Joumal of Food Engineering tang theo dp gia. Qua thu hai d dp gia 3 79, p. 1359-1393. cho nang suit cao hon DG2 la 3,9% va 5. Georg E. and J.Gross (1985). Carotenoid DGI la 11,3%. changes in the peel of ripeningpersimmo n (Diospyros kaki) cv Triumph. Phytochem- - Dp gia thu hai cd anh hudng din thdi istry, volume 24, Issue, p. 29-32. ban tdn tru d dieu kien thudng va chit 6. Mowat A.D. and A.P. George (2004). En­ lugng cam quan cua qua hdng chin sau vironmental Physiology of Persimmons- khi tdn trii. C^a thu hoach d do gia 3 (vd Phenology. HortResearch Publication. mau vang) cd thdi gian tdn trii thich hgp Truy cap tir la 10 ngay, dp gia 2 (vd mau vang xanh) la 20 ngay, qua chin cua 2 dp gia sau thdi nce/perphtoc.htm gian tdn trii dIu cd chit lugng cam quan 7. Nakatsubo F. et al. (2002) Chemical stmc- tdt. Qua thu hoach d do gia I (vd mau tures of the condensed tannins in the tiuits xanh), cd thdi gian tdn trii dai nhlt la 30 of Diospyros species J.Wood Sci. (48), ngay, qua chui cho chat lugng cam quan p.414-418. chip nh|n dugc. 8. PauU, R. E., Gross, K., & Qui, Y. (1999). -Vdi thdi ban tdn trii nhu vay thi qua Changes in papaya cell walls during fruit thu hdi d DGI dugc khuyin cao la phii ripening. Postharvest Biology and Tech­ nology, 16, p.79-89. hgp cho tieu thu d cac thi trudng gan; DG2 cd thi van chuyen di xa hay du trii 9. Prasanna, V., T N. Prabha, & R. N. Tha- ranathan (2007). Fmit ripening phenom­ qua thdi gian dinh vu hoac cho cac muc ena -An overview. Critical Reviews in dich khde cdn DG3 diing dl trung bay Food Science and Nutrition, 47(1), p.l- tiong ckc ngay le. 19. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 10. Seymour G.B; J. E Taylor and G. A 1. Ph^ Van Con (2005). Cay hong. NXB Tucker (2000). Biochemistry of fmit N6ng nghiep. Ha Npi. ripening: Persimmon, p. 153-157 2. TrIn Thi Lan Huong, Nguyen Thj Ngpc ll.Yashoda, H. M., T. N. Prabha, & R. N. Hiln, Nguyen Thj Hoang Lan. (2009). Tharanathan (2005). Mango ripening - Anh hudng cua dilu kien dim chin tdi chemical and stmctural characterization mpt si th^nh phIn hda hpc chinh trong of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccha­ qua hong Nhan Hau. Tap chi khoa hpc va rides. Carbohydrate Research, 340, phattriln,3,tr. 332-339. p.1335-1342. 3. Ha DuySn Tu (2006). Ky tiiuat phan tich 99
8. TC. DD & TP 7(1)-2011 Summary THE EFFECT OF MATUWTY ON QUALITY AND SHELFLIFE OF PERSIMMON FRUIT CV. Fmit maturity shows strong effect on its quaUty and shelflife. It is more importance for cU- macteric fruits as persimmon, of which harvesting season last quite short. During the peak time, an abundant supply of fiuit makes its commerciahzation difiicult. Therefore, purpose of this study is to determine quality of persimmon fiuit cv. Nhanhau harvested at different maturity and their selflife at room temperature. Color of fruit skin was chosen as indicator for their maturity. Fmits were harvested as their skin tum yellow, greenish yellow and green in corresponding with maturity stage of 3,2 and 1. The results show that the longer fiuit stays in the mother tree the higher amount of main chemical content Uke dry matter, total soluble soUd, carotenoid and the lower tannin they have, so quality of their ripen Suits will be better. Beside of that, the yield of more matured fmit is higher (the yield of maturity stage 3 is 3,9% and 11,3% higher than maturity stage 2 and 1). Ripen fiuits harvested at maturity stage 3 have the good sensory quality. However, at that maturity their shelflife lasts very short only for 10 days at room temperature. As a result, they could be commercialized at local market or Uansporied for quite short distances; Ripen fiuits harvested at maturity stage 2 have the almost the same quaUty as maturity stage 3 after 10 and 20 days storage at the room temperature. So they could be commercialized at long distance markets or store over peek harvesting season; Although fiuits harvested at maturity stage 1 can be last for 30 days at room temperature and their appearance is still possibly acceptable at ripen stage, but taste is not so good. Therefore, they could be used at oflf-season or for special purpose like fmit decoration. Key words: persimmon fruit, cultivar Nhanhau, maturity, quality, shelflife rb^<^ 100