Giáo trình How to teach English - Chương 4: How to describe learning and teaching

Nội dung text: Giáo trình How to teach English - Chương 4: How to describe learning and teaching

1. Chapter 4: How to describe learning & teaching Harmer, J. (1999). How to teach English. Longman
2. 1. Concepts about language learning & teaching Adults: learning w/o studying if in the right kind of contact  Children & adults similarly acquire language successfully outside the classroom: First, being exposed to the language Second, motivated to learn to communicate Third, having opportunities to use the language they have just learned
3. 2. Elements for successful language learning in the classroom  Engage  Study  Activate
4.  Engage  Aims Arousing learners’ interest & involving their emotions  Activities & Materials:  Games (depending on ages, types)  Music  Discussion  Pictures  Stories/anecdotes
5.  Study  Main focus: the construction of the language  Activities  Pronunciation practice  Grammar presentation  Structure/grammar drills  Vocabulary presentation/practice  Reading a text (content/language)
6.  Activate  Purpose/Aim: Getting Ss using the language as freely and communicatively as they can  Typical activities:  Role – plays  Debates & discussions  Story & poem writing  Writing in a group
7. 3. ESA in different lesson sequences ESA Straight Arrow Sequence EAS(A) Boomerang Sequence EAASASEA (etc) Patchwork Sequence
8.  ESA Straight Arrow Sequence Engage  Study  Activate (p.27)  Taking Ss in a straight line  First, get Ss interested & Engaged  Then, study something (e.g. how grammar points are constructed) & give Ss a chance to practice the language in a controlled way  Finally, Ss try to Activate it by putting it into production (e.g giving them a chance to activate the new language in an enjoyable way)
9. Limitations of ESA lessons  not appropriate for advanced learners with more complex language  not answer the learners’ need
10.  The Bomerang Sequence Engage Activate Study Activate (p.28)  Teacher: answering the need of learners The connection b/w what Ss need to learn & what they are taught: transparent  placing a great burden one teacher b/c he/she will have to be able to find materials based on the (unforseen) problems thrown up at the Activate stage Appropriate for intermediate & advanced level
11.  The Patchwork Engage Activate Activate Study Activate Study Activate Study Engage Activate (page 29)
12. 4. What teaching models have influenced current teaching practice?  Grammar Translation  Audio-lingualism  Presentation-Practice-Production Task-Based Learning  Communicative Language Teaching