Kiểm tra Tiếng Anh

Nội dung text: Kiểm tra Tiếng Anh

1. PRACTICE TEST 1.Put the words in the right order to make a question. 1. English/ you/ start/ did/ learning/ when? 2. tennis/ often/ play/ how/ does/ she? 3. do/ doing/ what/ at/ you/ like/ weekend/ the? 4. weekend/ do/ what/ you/ would/ to/ this/ like? 5. dictionnary/ why/ got/ you/ haven’t/ a? 6. much/ put/ my/ coffee/ sugar/ how/ did/ in/ you? 7. phoned/ doing/ John/ when/ what/ you/ were? 8. sandwiches/ make/ is/ who/ to/ going/ the? 9. radio/ listening/ does/ enjoy/ to/ mother/ the/ your? 10. live/ Anna/ where/ was/ child/ a/ did/ when/ the? 2. Look at the chart. Name Xavier Mr and Mrs Ramsey Nationality French Australia Town London Melbourne Age 26 In their sixties Family One younger brother No children Occupation Chef Retired Holiday last year Home to paris for 2 weeks 2 months in Scotland – visiting relatives Holiday next year Drive to Morocco with Tour New Zealand for 2 friends weeks Use the information in the chart and write the correct questions to the following answers. Example Where does Xavier come from? He comes from France. 1.___ They comes from Australia. 2.___ They live in Melbourne 3.___ He’s 26 4. ___ Yes, he does. He has one younger brother. 5. ___ No, theyhaven’t got any. 6. ___ He’s a chef 7. ___ He went home to Paris for two weeks. 8. ___ They stayed there for two months.
2. 9. ___ They’re going to tour New Zealand. 10.___ He’s going to drive to Morocco. 3.Put the verb in bracket into the correct tense or verb form. Example A Why did you go ___(go) to the seaside last weekend? B Because we like sailing___ (sail). A ___you___know Brian Bailey? B Yes, I___(meet) him two years ago while I ___(work) in Germany. ___he still___(live) there? A Yes, he does. He ___(live) in Frankfurt. He ___(have got) a good job there but at the moment he ___(work) in London. He’s here for a few days and I’d like___(invite) him and you for dinner. Can you___(come)? B Yes, I hope so. I’d love ___(see) Brian again! When I was in Germany we ___(see) each other quite often because his office is near the school where I ___(teach), so we sometimes ___(have) lunch together. I always enjoyed___(talk) to him. I wanted ___(write) to him but he moved and I ___(not have) his new address. A Well. What about dinner on Friday? B That’s fine. What time? A Is 8 o’clock OK? I___(ring) Brian yesterday to check the day, and I___(ring) him again tomorrow to check the time. B Well, 8 o’clock is fine for me. I___(come) at about 8 and I___(bring) a bottle of wine. A See you on Friday then! 4. Here are twenty verbs. Ten are irregular and ten are regular. Write the past tense form of irregular verbs only. Buy Put cook speak Do Start happen take Have talk hear visit Laugh wait leave watch Listen whisper make write 5. Underline the uncount noun in the following pairs of words. Example Cheese/ egg Money/ pound rice/ potato meat/ hamburger Flower/ flour loaf/ bread song/ music Job/ homework luggage/ suitcase food/ meal Furniture/ desk 6. Complete the text with a, an, the or nothing. Example: I had___-dinner with the Queen. My Aunt Vanessa is ___artist. She lives in___beautiful old cottage by ___sea and she paints___small pictures of wild flowers and birds. She doesn’t like leaving___cottage, but once___year she travels by___train to London and has___tea with me at___Savoy Hotel. At the moment I’m a bit worried about her because she is in___hospital, but I’m sure she’ll be better soon. I’m going to visit her next week. 7.Correct the mistake in each sentence. 1. Is there any milk? I can’t see one.
3. 2. There’s some potatoes, but only a little. 3. There’s much cars parked in the street. 4. Have you got much unemployed people in your town? 5. Only a few people believes his story. 6. How many homeworks do you have tonight? 7. There isn’t much rice and there isn’t any eggs. 8. There was a little snow last winter but not many. 9. How lovely! Anybody gave you some flowers. 10. I went anywhere interesting for my holiday. 8. Underline the one word in each group that is different. Example: castle cathedral cottage house (We can’t live in a cathedral). 1. language translator art dictionnary 2. poem story joke sing 3. handbag wallet suitcase purse 4. mobile phone fax photography mail 5. video walkman CD player iron 6. make-up toothpaste soap towel 7. untidy messy clean dirty 8. break smash mend destroy 9. hairdresser shopkeeper customer banker 10. tomorrow morning yesterday evening the day after tomorrow in two weeks’ time. 11. worried nervous excited friendly 12. impossible illegal careful unemployed 13. speak talk tell print 14. posters magazines newspapers books 15. butcher’s greengrocer’s chemist’s baker’s 9. Match a line in A with a line in B A B Tell Driver Spend Work Hard Abroad Say A bill Make Money Take Sorry Sore A joke Taxi Throat Pay A photograph Go A promise 10. Complete the dialogues with the words from box Worst latest more as (x2) funniest funnier than friendlier Tastier like was what the most 1. A I started a new job today, working in an office. B Really? How did it go? A It was OK. I was a bit nervous. B What are the other people___? A They are very nice. They seem___than the people in my old job, and the job is much___interesting. B You worked in the shop before, didn’t you?
4. A Yes, working in an office is better___working in a shop. I’ll tell you! That was the ___job I’ve ever had. I hated it. 2. C We went out for a meal to Luigi’s last night – you know, that new Italian restaurant. D Mm, I know. What___it like? C.It was___best Italian meal I’ve ever had, it wasn’t as expensive.___Giovanni’s,so I think we’ll go there again. D Yes, Giovanni’s used to be the___popular restaurant around here, but then it started getting very expensive. C And the service isn’t___good as it used to be. D What did you have? C Paul and I both ha veal, but mine was cooked in wine and herbs, and it was___than Paul’s. But he liked it. D It sounds great. 3. E Have you read John Harrison’s___book, Going Round the World? F No. ___’s it like? E I think it’s the ___book he’s written. I laughed out loud all the way through. F I didn’t like The Truth and The Light, the one that came out last year. E Neither did I. This one’s much___ F Can I borrow it? Fame! 7 Past Simple & Present perfect UNIT WARM-UP What is the Past Simple and the past participle of these verbs? write be sell win have read do eat know break PRESENTATION 1 Past Simple
5. 1. Look at the pictures. Do you know him? Tell the class what you know about him. 2. Make sentences about the man in the pictures with given information. For example: He was born on August 29, 1958. He worked as a singer-songwriter. Background information Birth name Michael Joseph Jackson August 29, 1958 Born Gary, Indiana, U.S. June 25, 2009 (aged 50) Died Los Angeles, California, U.S. Genres R&B, pop, rock, soul, dance, funk, disco, new jack swing Singer-songwriter, record producer, composer, musician, Occupations dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, philanthropist Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards; 26 American Awards Music Awards; 13 number-one singles in the United States; "Artist of the Century" Years active 1964–2009 GRAMMAR REVIEW: THE PAST SIMPLE 1. Form: - regular verb + ed - irregular column 2 (in irregular verb table) Positive
6. I watched TV She/ He/ It last night We/ You/ They drank beer Negative I watch TV She/ He/ It last night We/ You/ did not drink beer They Question Yes/ No question I watch TV? Did She/ He/ It We/ You/ They drink beer ? Short answer Yes, he did. No, they didn’t. Wh- question I What Did She/ He/ It do? We/ You/ They 2. Use The past simple is used to describe: Completed actions that took place at a definite time in the past. The time is either mentioned or implied. E.g. Mary visited the British Museum when she was in London. Permanent situations in the past E.g. John lived in Ireland for 15 years. Completed actions that took place one after the other in the past (in story-telling or narratives) E.g. Sue woke up, washed her face and had breakfast. Past habits or repeated actions in the past; frequency adverbs (always, often, seldom, never, etc.) may also be used. E.g. When Paul was younger, he often went fishing with his father. NOTE: How to form the regular past form of a verb We add -ed to most regular verbs: wait - waited If a verb ends in -e, add -d: use - used
7. If a single vowel is followed by a single consonant double the final consonant: stop -stopped We double the last consonant of two-syllable verbs when the second syllable is stressed: prefer - preferred If the verb ends in -y and -y is preceded by a vowel, keep the -y: enjoy - enjoyed If the verb ends in -y and y is preceded by a consonant, change -y to -i and add - ed: study - studied, try - tried If the verbs end in -ic, change to -ick: picnic - picnicked If the verb ends in -ie, add -d: die - died Time expressions: yesterday, then, ago, last month/ night/ week/ year, etc PRACTICE 1. Put the verbs in brackets in Past Simple Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) (be) an American recording artist, dancer, singer-songwriter, musician, and philanthropist. Referred to as the King of Pop, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, (make) him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. He (begin) his solo career in 1971. Jackson (win) hundreds of awards, which have made him the most- awarded recording artists in the history of music. Some of his other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award); 26 American Music Awards (more than any other artist, including the "Artist of the Century"); 13 number-one singles in the United States in his solo career (more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era). He (sell) over 750 million records worldwide. Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best-selling album of all time. He (donate) and (raise) hundreds of millions of dollars for more than 39 charities. He (die) at the age of 50 in Los Angeles, California, U.S. 2. Match the question words and answers. over 750 million When? in 1958 Where? in 1971 How many? hundreds of millions of dollars How much? 50 How old? 13 Los Angeles, California, U.S. 3. Complete the questions using the past simple. Ask and answer them with a partner. When did he begin his solo career? In 1971
8. Grammar questions 1. To form the Past Simple of regular verbs, we add ___to the infinitive. We can find the Past Simple of irregular verbs in___ 2. Distinguish the two following sentences: Many people in the world love Jackson. Jackson won a lot of wards. Which tense is used in the second sentence? Why? PRESENTATION 2 Present perfect 1. Look at the countries and tick (V) those you have visited at some time in your life 2. Read and practice with a partner the conversation A Have you ever been to Nha trang? B No, I haven’t. A Have you ever been to Hue? B Yes, I have. A When did you go? B Last year. 3. Write down the name of four cities in your country or another country that you have been to. Have similar conversations with your partner. 4. Tell the class about your partner. Lan’s been to Hue. She went there last year. But she hasn’t been to Nha trang GRAMMAR REVIEW: THE PRESENT PERFECT 1. Form: have/ has + Past participle Positive I/ We/ You/ They have learnt English for 5 years. She/ He/ It has Negative I/ We/ You/ They have not learnt English for 5 years. She/ He/ It has Question Yes/ No question Have I/ We/ You/ They learnt English for 5 years? Has She/ He/ It Short answer Yes, he has.
9. No, they haven’t. Wh- question How long Have I/ We/ You/ They learnt English ? Has She/ He/ It 2. Use The present perfect simple is used: for actions which started in the past and continue up to present or have just finished, e.g.: I have learned history for three years. for past actions whose time is not stated and whose results are connected to the present, e.g.: He has travelled to many countries in the world. with adjectives in the superlative degree or expressions like: the only, the first, second etc., e.g.: This is the most expensive suit I've ever bought. This is the third time Jack has visited the USA. Time expressions: for, since, already, just, yet, never, ever, recently, lately, PRACTICE Past participles 1. Here are the past participles of some verbs. Write the infinitive. eaten ___ made ___ given ___ seen ___ taken ___ won ___ met ___ driven ___ had ___ drunk ___ cooked ___ stayed___ flown ___ bought ___ done ___ 2. Which are the two regular verbs? 3. What are the Past Simple forms of the verbs? 4. Tick (V) the correct sentence. 1. __I saw John yesterday. 5. __Tom has ever been to Canada. __I’ve seen John yesterday. __ Tom has never been to Canada. 2. __Did you ever ate Chinese food? 6. __Has your sister yet had the baby? __Have you ever eaten Chinese food? __Has your sister had the baby yet? 3. __Donna won $5,000 last month. 7. __I haven’t finished my homework yet. __ Donna has won $5,000 last month. __I’ve finished my homework yet. 4. __I’ve never drank champagne. 8. __Did she just bought a new car? __ I’ve never drunk champagne. __Did she just buy a new car? 5. Complete the following sentences Been or gone 1. Have you ever ___ to Thailand?
10. 2. A: Hello. Is Monica there? B: No, she isn't. She's ___ out. 3. It's time to party. My parents have ___ away for the weekend. 4. Blast! I've ___ and left my gloves in the library. Just or yet 1. Have you had breakfast ___? 2. I’ve ___bought a new laptop. 3. They’ve ___come back from a long holiday. 4. We haven’t done our homework ___. Never or ever 1.Have you___ lived in a foreign country? 2. I’ve ___ seen that film. 3. Peter has ___ been to Vietnam twice. 4. We haven’t ___met each other before. 5. Lan and Hoa have ___ gone abroad. For or since ___last week ___the last week ___2001 ___ June ___I was a child ___ 5 years ___half an hour ___months GRAMMAR QUESTIONS 1. What is the difference between the following sentences? Lady Gaga won the award for Best New Artist in 2009. Lady Gaga has won many awards. 2. When do we use for? When do we use since? 3. When do we use been? When do we use gone? 4. Complete the conversation. What tenses are the three questions? A Where___live, Anna? B In a flat in Green Street. A How long ___there? B Only for -er, three months. Yes, since June. A And why___move? B Well, we wanted to live near the park. LISTENING Listen and put the verb you hear in the Present Perfect or Past Simple. 1.Anthony Trollope .to South Africa, Australia, Egypt, and the West Indies. Joanna Trollope . to many parts of the world. 2. She many awards, and several of her stories . on TV.
11. 3. Her first book in 1980. Since then, she more than 5 million copies. 4. She to school in the south of England and . English at Oxford University, but she has lived in the country most of her life. 5. She . her books by hand. She the same pen since 1995. READING Do you know any famous singers in the word?/ in Vietnam? What do you know about them? Which singer do you admire the most? Do you know anything about Lady Gaga? Read the text about Lady Gaga. Lady Gaga - Best New Artist Gaga wearing a plastic bubble dress while performing on The Fame Ball Tour Lady Gaga is one of the most singers all over the world, known as a pop and dance singer. She has a big influence on the trend of music nowadays. Her full name is Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta. She was born on March 28, 1986 in New York City, United States. After enrolling at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 2003, she performed the first time in New York stage. Then, she signed with Streamline Records. During her early time at Interscope, she worked as a songwriter for other famous artists and then she was very fast attended by Akon who recognized her vocal abilities. After passing many times checked about vocal music, she signed the first contract with Kon Live Distribution – a quite big record company. In 2008, she released her first electronic album “The Fame” which made her achieve a lot of success. The album reached number one on the record charts of six countries, topped the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart while simultaneously peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States and accomplished positions within the top ten worldwide. With this first album, she got two Grammy awards. In the early 2009, she started her first concert tour “The flame ball tour”. Then she released the second version of “the Flame” was The Fame Monster. She still got much success from this. Lady Gaga is the inspiration for many other artist. She said that fashion is inspiration for her composing and performing career. Up to now, her two albums have
12. been sold over 18 million copies and 52 million single disks. On May, 2008, she was elected by the Forbes magazine was one of 100 artists most famous all over the world. She has worked as a singer for over 2 years. Many famous pop singers affected on her music style as Michael Jackson and Madona and rock singers as David Bowie and Queen. Besides music, Lady Gaga is famous for her strange fashion style. Although she has only started her career for a really short time, she has got 5 Grammy awards, and twelve recommends for Guinness award. 1. Read the text again to decide if each sentence is true (T) or false (F). a. ___Lady Gaga is an American singer. b. ___She is very well-known. c. ___Michael Jackson recognized her vocal abilities. d. ___ With “The Fame”, she got five Grammy awards. e. ___ She has started her career for a long time. f. ___ She has 12 recommends for Guinness award. 2. Answer the following questions. 1. When and where was Lady Gaga born? 2. When did she first perform? 3. What did she learn at New York University's Tisch School? 4. Is she also famous for her fashion style? 5. Did Madonna affect on her music style? 6. How long has she worked as a singer? 3. Tell the class the special things about Lady Gaga. VOCABULARY Past Simple and past participle forms of verbs 1. Fill in the chart with correct form of the given verbs. Infinitive Past Simple Past participle Do ___ ___ ___ ___ written ___ drove ___ ___ cut ___ Think ___ ___ ___ ___ Had ___ Dreamed ___ Fly ___ ___ ___ ___ Known Stand ___ ___ ___ said ___ 2. Tick (V) the best answer A, B, or C 1. Jaycee the game on time last week. A. begin B. began C. begun 2. Let's the game on time.
13. A. begin B. began C. begun 3. Jaycee has .all his games on time for the last year. A. begin B. began C. begun 4. Jaycee has several soccer A. buy B. bought C. buyed 5. Jaycee .a new soccer ball last week. A. buy B. bought C. buyed 6. The coach will .our new equipment this season. balls this season A. buy B. bought C. buyed 7. We have to .a side of the field to play on. A. choose B. chose C. chosen 8. Jaycee has the best side of the field. A. choose B. chose C. chosen 9. Jaycee the shady side of the field earlier today. A. choose B. chose C. chosen WRITING 1. Rewrite the following sentences using the given words 1. The last time it rained was a fortnight ago. It . 2. He could earn a living in a big city. He 3. It’s over twenty years since we got married. We 4. This is the worst coffee I have ever drunk. This is 5. My friend's mother has been working with foreigners for a long time. My friend's mother started 6. It’s years since we last traveled abroad. We haven’t 7. I haven’t watched TV for a week. The last . 8. We bought this house 2 years ago. We have . 9. We have never met him before. It’s the 10. It started to rain at 2 pm. It has 2. Write Present Perfect questions for these answers. 1 No, I've never been to Brazil. But I'd like to go. 2 Yes, I saw an elephant when I was on holiday in Thailand. 3 No, but I'd love to win some money one day! 3. Write the biography of a famous person (about 150 words). CHECK IT 1. Make sentences in the Present Perfect. 1. You / do / homework? Have you done your homework? 2. You / see / Sarah? 3. You / make / decision / yet? 4. How long / know / Jamie? 5. She / be / Sweden / twice. 6. Their plane / just / land. 7. Where / you / be? 8. What / do / your hair?
14. 2. Use the Present Perfect and the words in brackets to describe these situations. 1 He's carrying a suitcase. (He / be I on I holiday) He's been on holiday. 2 His plate is empty. (He / eat / everything) 3 She can't find her bag. (She / lose / bag) 4 Her leg is in plaster. (She / broke / leg) 5 The final score is 3—1 to our team. (Our / team / win / match) 6 I haven't got any more money. (I / spend / all / my / money) 3. Find and correct a mistake in each sentence. 1 I am here since last week. 2 Kevin had his new job for nine months. He loves it. 3 I lived here for ten years but I'm going to move soon. 4 Bridgit knows Philip for a year and a half. 5 We have been to China in 2005. 6 How long do you have your dog? 7 They have known each other since three days. 8 She's had a sore throat for this morning. 9 Jane was a vet for thirty years and she still enjoys it. 10 How long do you live in this city? 4. Choose the best answer. 1 Did you ever hear/Have you ever heard of an actor called Sylvia Halliwell? 2 1 never went/I've never been to Zimbabwe. 3 He never met/He's never met his father. He died before he was born. 4 Did you talk/Have you talked to Maggie yesterday? 5 I've never heard/I never heard this music before. 6 Have you seen/Did you see the news last night? 7 1 never won/I've never won a competition in my life. 8 Did you ever dream/Have you ever dreamt that you could fly? 5. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses 1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?" B: I don't know. I (see, never) that movie. 2. Sam (arrive) in San Diego a week ago. 3. My best friend and I (know) each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week. 4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway. 5. I (have, not) this much fun since I (be) a kid. 6. Things (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) working here three years ago, the company (have, only) six employees. Since then, we (expand) to include more than 2000 full-time workers. 7. I (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) off
15. into the forest and (be) bitten by a snake. 8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) the bus this morning. You (be) late to work too many times. You are fired! 9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami. 10. How sad! George (dream) of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never) the ocean. DO’S AND 8 DON’TS UNIT Have (got) to. Should/ must. Used to WARM UP What’s true for you? Make sentences about your life. I have to . I don’t have to . PRESENTATION 1 Have (got) to 1. Read the conversation of Tristan (T) and his friend, Robert (R). What do you think Tristan’s job is? Does he work in the town or the country? Does he like his job?
16. R: What hours do you work, Tristan? T: It depends. I sometimes have to work at night but I usually work about eight to ten hours a day. It’s hard to be exact. R: How often do you work at night? T: Well, I have to be on call two nights a week. R: And do you have to work at weekends? T: I don’t often have to work at weekends. In this job you have to work very unsocial hours. You never know if there will be an emergency. R: I hear the training’s quite hard. T: Oh yes, I had to study for five years at Liverpool University but I didn’t have to spend much time to find a job. R: Are you well-paid? T: It’s not too bad! When I have my own practice, it’ll be better. R: And what are the secrets of being good at your job? T: Well, obviously you have to love working with animals, but also you have to be sensitive to their owners – pets are important to people and sometimes you have to give bad news. When I save an animal’s life, that’s fantastic, no matter what time of night it is. R: What are your plans for the future? T: Well, as I said, eventually, I’d like to have my own practice to get much more money. 2. Complete the lines from Tristan's conversation with words from the box have to don't often have to Do you have to had to didn't have to 1. I sometimes .work at night. 2. work at weekends? 3. I .spend much time to find a job. 4. I work at weekends. 5. I .study for five years at Liverpool University 3. Talk about Tristan. Change the sentences in exercise 2 using he. Ex: He sometimes has to work at night. GRAMMAR REVIEW: HAVE TO Form has/ have to + infinitive Positive I/ We/ You/ They have to work hard He/ She/ It has to Negative
17. I/ We/ You/ They don’t have to work hard He/ She/ It doesn’t Interrogative Do I/ We/ You/ They have to work hard? Does He/ She/ It Yes, I/ We/ You/ They do. No, I/ We/ You/ They don’t. He/ She/ It does He/ She/ It doesn’t. Note The past tense of have to is had to in the positive and did and didn’t in the interrogative and the negative. I had to get up early in the morning. She didn’t have to do the housework. Did you have to work last weekend? Use 1. Have to express strong obligation. The obligation comes from “outside”- perhaps a law, a rule at school or work, or someone in authority. Ex: You have to have a driving license if you want to drive a car. (That’s the law) I have to start work at 8.00. (My company says I must) The doctor says I have to do more exercise. 2. Don’t/ Doesn’t have to expresses absence of obligation.( it isn’t necessary) Ex: You don’t have to do the washing-up. I’ve got a dishwasher. She doesn’t have to work on Monday. It’s her day off. Note Have got to expresses an obligation on one particular occasion. Ex: I’m going to bed. I’ve got to get up early tomorrow. She’s got to work hard. Her exams start next week. To express obligation as a habit, we use have to, not have got to. Ex: I have to write two essays a week. Do you have to wear a uniform? Have got to is characteristic of very informal speech. Have to sounds slightly more formal. PRACTICE 1. Work with a partner. Choose a job from the box, but don't tell your partner. Ask and answer Yes/No questions to find out what the job is. architect taxi-driver dentist farmer lawyer nanny photographer accountant optician mechanic soldier hairdresser chef politician nurse housewife plumber Use these questions to help you. Do you ? Do you have to ? Did you have to ? • work inside • wear a uniform • study at college • earn a lot of money • work unsocial hours • do a lot of training • work with people • use your hands • use a computer • get up early • speak English
18. Do you have to wear a uniform? 2. Which of the jobs wouldn't you like to do? Why? I wouldn't like to be, a farmer because they have to work outside all year. 3. In groups, discuss the questions. If you live at home with your parents, use the present tense. If you've left home, use the past tense. 1. What do/did you have to do to help in the house? What about your brothers and sisters? 2. Can/Could you stay out as long as you want/wanted? Or do/did you have to be home by a certain time? 3. Do/Did you always have to tell your parents where you are/were going? 4. What other rules are/were there in your family? 4. Chose have to / has to or don't have to / doesn't have to. 1. Every man do military service in my country. It's obligatory. 2. When do we pay for the next term? 3. Policemen wear a uniform. 4. A pilot train for many years. 5. Does Susan work long hours? 6. I get up early on Sundays. I can stay in bed. 7. You .have a visa to come to Ukraine. 8. You to do it if you don't want to. 9. My daughter .to cook, because I cook for the whole family. 10. We pay. It's free. 5. Put the words in the correct order to make positives, negatives and questions with have to / have got to and don't have to / haven't got to. 1. but/ now./ I've/ to/ leave/ got/ Sorry,/ 2. A/ get/ has/ to/ up/ early./ postman/ 3. calls./ of/ have/ phone/ lots/ answer/ to/ I/ 4. on/ diet./ says/ she/ a/ The/ go/ doctor/ has/ to/ 5. I/ hate/ get/ to/ up/ early./ having/ 6. have/ home?/ go/ do/ When/ to/ you/ 7. there/ got/ six./ by/ to /I've/ be/ 8. be/ a/ mistake./ This/ to/ has/ 9. to/ mad/ be/ work/ to/ You/ have/ here./ 10. fault./ have/ say/ to/ I/ was/ my/ it/ GRAMMAR QUESTIONS 1. What are the different pronunciations of have/has/had in the following sentences?. 1. I have a good job. I have to work hard. •'.'. 2. He has a nice car. She has to get up early. 3. I had a good time. I had to take exams. 2. Complete the rules. 1. expresses an obligation on one particular occasion and express obligation as a habit. 2. .is used in very informal speech and sounds slightly more formal. PRESENTATION 2 Should/ must
19. 1. Read the problems from a magazine problem page. Match the problems and advice. What other advice would you give? Problems 1. My ex-boyfriend is going to my best friend's wedding. He was horrible to me. Should I go? 2. There's a group of bullies at school. They're making my life miserable. 3. I've fallen in love with my boss. Should I tell him? 4. I'm 16. I chat to a boy on the Internet. He wants to meet me. Should I go? Advice a. No, you shouldn't. It will only cause problems at work. b. Of course you should. But look happy and wear a fantastic dress! c. I don't think you should. You have no idea what he's really like. d. You must tell your parents and your head teacher about this. 2. Here is some more advice for the problems in exercise 1. Complete the sentences using the words in the box. shouldn't should must don't think you should 1. I think you ___show your ex that you're fine without him. 2. If you do go to meet him, you ___take a friend with you. This is really important. 3. You___let these cowards ruin your life. 4. I ___have relationships with people you work with. 3. Work in groups. Read aloud the problems and give advice. I can't sleep at night. You shouldn’t drink too much coffee You must take more exercise You must take more exercise. You shouldn't drink too much. I think I've twisted my ankle. I've got exams next week, and I'm really nervous. I like my job, but I don't like the people I work with. My computer's behaving very strangely. I argue a lot with my parents. My car's making a funny noise. PRACTICE 1. Match a line in A with a line in B to make correct dialogues. A B 1. I haven’t been paid my overtime. a. You should take it back to the shop. 2. I’m putting on weight. b. You should ask him to give them back. 3. David hasn’t turned the films I lent c. You shouldn’t lend it to him. him. d. You shouldn’t spend so much time in 4. The new CD I bought is scratched. front of the computer.
20. 5. I have a very terrible headache. e. You should talk to Sally in the Payroll 6. My eyes are very tired. department. 7. My son has crashed my car again. f. You should take some aspirin. 8. Mary’s off sick again. g. You should go to see her. h. You shouldn’t eat so much bread. 2. Choose should or shouldn't. 1. You be so selfish. 2. I don't think you smoke so much. 3. You exercise more. 4. I think you try to speak to her. 5. You are overweight. You go on a diet. 6. Where we park our car? 7. You .never speak to your mother like this. 8. The kids spend so much time in front of the TV. 9. I tell her the truth or should I say nothing? 10. I think we reserve our holiday in advance. 3. Work in groups. Complete the sentences with must or should. When you're driving , 1. you .stop at red lights. 2. you . be kind to other drivers. 3. you. wear a seat belt. 4. On a long journey, you have a rest from time to time. 5. In Britain, you drive on the left. GRAMMAR QUESTIONS 1. Look at the sentences. You should go to the wedding. You must see a doctor. Which expresses strong obligation (it's really necessary)? Which expresses a suggestion (I think it's a good idea)? 2. Should and must are modal verbs. Should I go? You shouldn't see him. He must be careful. Do we use do/does in the question and negative? Do we add -s with he/ she/ it ? PRESENTATION 3 Used to The song ‘Used To’ - Daughtry
21. You used to talk to me like I was the only one around. You used to lean on me like The only other choice was falling down. You used to walk with me like We had nowhere we needed to go, Nice and slow, to no place in particular. We used to have this figured out; We used to breathe without a doubt. When nights were clear, you were the first star that I'd see. We used to have this under control. We never thought. We used to know. At least there's you, and at least there's me. Can we get this back? Can we get this back to how it used to be? I used to reach for you when I got lost along the way. I used to listen. You always had just the right thing to say.
22. I used to follow you. Never really cared where we would go, Fast or slow, to anywhere at all. We used to have this figured out; We used to breathe without a doubt. When nights were clear, you were the first star that I'd see. We used to have this under control. We never thought. We used to know. At least there's you, and at least there's me. Can we get this back? Can we get this back to how it used to be? I look around me, And I want you to be there 'Cause I miss the things that we shared. Look around you. It's empty, and you're sad 'Cause you miss the love that we had. You used to talk to me like I was the only one around, The only one around. We used to have this figured out; We used to breathe without a doubt. When nights were clear, you were the first star that I'd see. We used to have this under control. We never thought. We used to know. At least there's you, and at least there's me. Can we get this back? Can we get this back to how it used to be? Yeah. To how it used to be. To how it used to be, yeah. To how it used to be. 1. Read the song and answer the following questions. 1. What did the man (I) in the song use to do? 2. What did the girl (you) in the song use to do? 3. What did both of them use to do? 4. Did you use to love? Did you use to have the love like that? 2. Tell about you using ‘used to’. For example: When I was a little child, I used to go to the zoo with my father. GRAMMAR REVIEW: Form used to + infinitive Positive I/ We/ You/ They used to live in Hanoi. He/ She/ It Negative
23. I/ We/ You/ They did not use to live in Hanoi. He/ She/ It Interrogative Did I/ We/ You/ They use to live in Hanoi? He/ She/ It Yes, I/ We/ You/ They did. No, I/ We/ You/ They didn’t He/ She/ It He/ She/ It Use 1. We use 'used to' for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens. Ex: I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago. Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't. I used to drive to work but now I take the bus. 2. We also use it for something that was true but no longer is. Ex: There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't. She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off. I didn't use to like him but now I do. Note 'Used to do' is different from 'to be used to doing' and 'to get used to doing' - We use 'to be used to doing' to say that something is normal, not unusual. Ex: I'm used to living on my own. I've done it for quite a long time. Hans has lived in England for over a year so he is used to driving on the left now. They've always lived in hot countries so they aren't used to the cold weather here. - We use 'to get used to doing' to talk about the process of something becoming normal for us. Ex: I didn't understand the accent when I first moved here but I quickly got used to it. She has started working nights and is still getting used to sleeping during the day. I have always lived in the country but now I'm beginning to get used to living in the city. PRACTICE 1. Match a line in A with a line in B to make correct sentences.
24. A B 1. I used to eat a lot of chocolate but a. now I eat a lot. 2. Paul used to work in London but b. I often used to go to the theatre. 3. David used to take the train to work c. now he drives very boring family car. but d. now I find him a bit boring. 4. When I was younger, I didn’t use to e. when we were children. eat cheese but f. now she plays the guitar. 5. When I lived in the city, g. now I’m on a diet. 6. They used to go to a very traditional h. now he drives. school i. where they wore a uniform. 7. I used to really enjoy his company but j. now he works in Sheffield. 8. Mary used to play the piano but 9. We used to go to the beach for our holidays but 10. He used to have a motorbike but 2. Complete the article with verbs from the box, using used to or past simple. If both are possible, use used to. get up have to live look play take watch wear Living in the Past Tonight the popular TV show Living in the Past returns to our screens with the Winlensdale family, who will be ‘living’ in the 16th century for a month. How will they survive life in the past? Perhaps the Hatters can give them some tips. In the last series, the Hatter family (0) lived for a month exactly like families used to do in 1900. This is what they said about their experience. Mrs. Hatter (aged 45): It was terribly hard work. All month, I (1) before everyone else to light the fire and heat the water. In 1900 people (2) all their clothes by hand, which took at least a whole day. The first time I tried, it (3) me three days! Mr. Hatter (aged 47): I (4) wear old-fashioned clothes all the time like the ones they (5) in 1900. I (6) really odd and people stared at me on the bus when I went to work! Mark Hatter (aged 14): Before I went on the program, I (7) . lost of TV but they didn’t even have electricity in 1900. People (8) . card games or read by oil lamp, so that’s what we did too. It was fun, actually! GRAMMAR QUESTIONS Read the examples and complete the rules about the past. I finished my essay last night. Did everybody use to eat like that? Little boys used to wear dresses. They didn’t have washing machines or vacuum cleaners.
25. 1. We used past simple for single events that are finished / still going on. 2. We use used to for a past habit / single event that no longer exists. 3. Used to is followed by past simple / the infinitive. READING What Every Parent of a First-Year College Student Should Know? As a parent, you want your student to succeed in college, but how can you help? Part of the college experience is learning to be independent and self-reliant, but you can still help your student as they grow toward total independence. Here are some of the areas your student may need help in, and what you should do to assist them. Financial Stresses Besides paying tuition, room and board, and books, college students often face a multitude of smaller expenses that add up quick. Helping your student financially can help them to focus on their studies rather than stressing about finances and where their next meal will come from! Health Care Services Make sure your student knows where the nearest health center is located when they arrive on campus—it’s important to know this before they get sick or need help. Knowing the location is just the first step: Encourage them to learn about the service fees the heath center charges, as well as the services offered. Cell Phone Coverage Check beforehand to make sure that your student’s wireless phone will work on their campus. If their phone won’t work (or if they don’t have a phone), you should look for
26. student discounts provided through the school or local companies. Special student rate plans can definitely help your student’s budget. Roommate Basics Know that conflicts are likely when your student moves away from home to share a small living space with one or more new people. Conflict is natural, so your student and their roommate should be prepared with ways of resolving problems. Encourage your student to talk through their problems with their roommate to find a resolution. Resident assistants and other staff members can also assist with conflicts as needed. If conflicts cannot be resolved, you student should seek a room change, though that request will depend on available space. The Dorm Room You should check with the school to find what items are included in your student’s dorm room. All dorm rooms will have at least a bed and a desk for each student, plus a closet and sometimes a dresser/chest of drawers. Students are responsible for cleaning and decorating their rooms. If your student is able to talk with their roommate before the school year starts, they should coordinate what items each of them will bring to furnish the room. 1. Read the text again to decide if each sentence is true (T) or false (F). 1. If conflicts cannot be resolved, you student can find a room change immediately. 2. In a dorm room, there is always a dresser/chest of drawers. 3. The new students often have quarrels with each other. 4. When the students get sick, they should go to the nearest health center. 5. Each student should have their own items to furnish the room. 2. Read the text again and answer the following questions. 1. Why should you help your student financially? 2. Is conflict natural between roommates? 3. What are often there in a dorm room? 4. Is it important to know where the nearest health center is? 5. What do the student often have to pay for? 3. What are your 10 things to advise the first-year college students? LISTENING You will hear a conversation between Manuel, a student from Chile, and a doctor. Answer the questions below. 1.What are Manuel’s symptoms? 2. What questions does doctors ask? 3. What does the doctor think is the matter with manuel? 4. What does she prescribe? 5. What advice does she give him? 6. Does he pay for anything? WRITING I. Rewrite the sentences. Use a form of have to. 1. It’s necessary for the children to wear a uniform. The children a uniform. 2. I can stay in bed until late tomorrow. I get up early tomorrow. 3. why is it necessary for you to go to the office?
27. Why the office? 4. Must you leave so soon? so soon? 5. I needed to make a phone call. I a phone call. 6. It wasn’t necessary for us to work on Sunday. We .on Sunday. 2. Rewrite the sentences using a model verb from the box. can can't could must mustn't will should shouldn't 1. I’d like the salt, please. you pass me the salt, please? 2. I don’t think it’s a good idea for you to stay. You stay. 3. It is certain to rain this afternoon. It rain this afternoon. 4. Do you know how to drive? you drive? 5. Do not leave luggage here. It isn’t allowed. You leave luggage here. 6. It’s very important that you stop smoking. You stop smoking. 7. Janet doesn’t know how to play an instrument. Janet play an instrument. 8. I think it would be a good idea to apologize. You apologize. 3. Write a paragraph (about 150 words) about your favorite job. CHECK IT 1. Correct the sentences. 1. Do you can drive a car? 1. I’m afraid we must to go now. 2. She cans sing very well. 3. She musts go to the dentist this afternoon. 4. you don’t should drink and drive. 5. It won’t raining tomorrow. 6. Could you to help me? 7. I don’t would like to be a policeman. 2. Choose the correct option. 1. You should / have to show your passport at the airport. 2. I don’t think you should / mustn’t read that book. It isn’t very good. 3. If you want to learn English, you must / should get an English pen friend. 4. I think we should / must take some flowers when we go to Sue’s for dinner. 5. We mustn’t / don’t have to forget Robert’s birthday tomorrow. 6. I must / should pay my taxes soon. I don’t want to go to prison. 7. She’s very rich, so she doesn’t have to / mustn’t work. 8. You mustn’t / shouldn’t smoke in here. It isn’t allowed.
28. 3. Choose the best answer A, B or C. 1. You drink tap water. It's not safe. A. shouldn't B. can't C. don't have to 2. I think people who live in apartments have dogs. A. mustn't B. should C. shouldn't 3. My girlfriend's allergic to dairy products so she eat anything made from milk. A. doesn't have to B. has to C. can't 4. You remember to finish the monthly report. The boss will be furious if you forget. A. should B. must C. shouldn't 5. The Botero exhibition was free so we pay anything. A. shouldn't to B. hadn't to C. didn't have to 6. Smoking is prohibited in public places. A. You shouldn't smoke in public places B. You're not allowed to smoke in public places. C. You don't have to smoke in public places. 7. Attending today's meeting is not mandatory. A. You don't have to go to the meeting. B. You shouldn't go to the meeting. C. You have to go to the meeting. 8. Trucks are not allowed to go on this road. A. Trucks shouldn't go on this road. B. Trucks can't go on this road. C. Trucks don't have to go on this road. 9. It's not recommended to go swimming after having a big meal. A. You don't have to go swimming after having a big meal. B. You're not allowed to go swimming after having a big meal. C. You shouldn't go swimming after having a big meal. 10. Tipping the waiter and the housekeeper is recommended but not mandatory in this resort. A. You have to tip the waiter and the housekeeper. B. You don't have to tip the waiter and the housekeeper. C. You should tip the waiter and the housekeeper. What is your plan for the future? 9 UNIT Time and conditional clause Warm up Make sentences about you using the phrases in the box. Tell the class.
29. If the weather is nice this weekend, I think I'll /f the weather isn't nice this weekend, I'll probably When I get home tonight, I'm going to PRESENTATION 1 Time and conditional clauses What’s your plan for the future? Read the Andy’s plan for his next 10 years. What I expect to happen in the next 10 years of my life is as follows: After I (graduate) from this school, I think, I (take) . a long holiday and travel in Europe. When I (start) work, I (not/have) . much time for myself. Therefore, I (want) to see Europe before I (start) work. I (go) . to England, France, Spain and Italy. If you (take) .a Eurorail ticket, you can travel inexpensively. So I (not/have to/spend) . too much for my travel expenses. After I (come) back to Turkey, I (start) looking for a job. I (accept) a job if it fits my life style expectations. I (not/want) to work long hours. 1. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 2. Answer the following questions. 1. What will he do after he graduate from the school?
30. 2. Why does he want to see Europe before he starts working? 3. Which countries will he travel to? 4. How will he go to these countries? 5. What will he do after he comes back to Turkey? GRAMMAR REVIEW: Time clauses & First Conditional Look at this sentence. I'll give her a call when I get home. It consists of two clauses: a main clause /'// give her a call, and a secondary clause when I get home. These conjunctions of time introduce secondary clauses. when while as soon as after before until They refer to future time, but we use a present tense. When I get home, I'll NOT When I'll get While we're away, NOT While we’ll be away As soon as I hear from you, NOT As soon as I’ll hear . Wait here until I get back. NOT until I'll get back. 1. will Form will + infinitive Positive I/ We/ You/ They Will study in Hanoi. He/ She/ It Negative I/ We/ You/ They will not study in Hanoi. He/ She/ It Interrogative Will I/ We/ You/ They study in Hanoi? He/ She/ It Yes, I/ We/ You/ They will. No, I/ We/ You/ They won’t. He/ She/ It He/ She/ It Use 1. Will expresses a decision or intention made at the moment of speaking. Ex: Give me your case. I'll carry it for you. 2. It also expresses a future fact. The speaker thinks 'This action is sure to happen in the future'. Ex: Manchester will win the cup. Tomorrow's weather will be warm and sunny. This use is like a neutral future tense. The speaker is predicting the future, without expressing an intention, plan, or personal judgment. 2. First conditional . Form If+ Present Simple, will + infinitive without to Positive and negative /// work hard, I'll (will) pass my exams. If we don't hurry up, we'll (will) be late.
31. Question What will you do if you don't go to university? Note 1. We do not usually use will in the condition (if) clause. If it rains NOT If it will rain 2. The condition clause // can come at the beginning of the sentence or at the end. Ex: If I work hard, I'll pass my exams. I'll pass my exams if I work hard. Use The first conditional is used to express a possible condition and a probable result in the future. English uses a present tense in the condition (if) clause, but a future form in the result clause. Ex: If my cheque comes, I'll buy us all a meal. You'll get wet if you don't take an umbrella. Note If expresses a possibility that something will happen; when expresses what the speaker sees as certain to happen. Ex: If I find your book, I'll send it to you. When I get home, I'll have a bath. PRACTICE 1. Match a line in A with a line in B to make correct sentences. A B 1. I'm going to work in an old people's home a. after the job ends. 2. I'll also live in the home b. as soon as I finish school. 3. I'll work c. if I have a holiday before term starts! 4. I'm going to Greece with some d. until I've saved enough money for a friends I won't be tired holiday, while I'm working there 2. Work with a partner. One of you is going on safari to Africa. The other sees lots of problems. Use the ideas below to help you. I'm going on safari to Africa. Oh dear, what will you do if you get chased by wild animals? It'll be OK. I won't get chased. But I hope I'll see lots of wild animals.
32. you get chased by wild animals it's the rainy season there are lots of insects you get sunburnt you get lost in the bush your car breaks down you have to sleep in a tent 3. Make a similar conversation about one of these topics. learning to snowboard going mountain climbing giving up your job to travel the world joining the army 4. Complete the sentences with when, if, before, as soon as, or until. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. Compare answers with a partner. 1. I'll have a bath___I go to bed. 2. I'm coming to London tomorrow. I'll ring you___I arrive. 3. We're planning a barbecue___it's nice at the weekend. 4. Wait here___I get back. 5. ___you have any problems, just ask for help. 6. I'm going to give up this job___I find a better one. 7. I'm only going to do this job___I find a better one. 8. I want to get home___it getsdark. 9. I'm going to study English___I'm completely fluent.
33. 10. Don't forget to give me your address ___you leave. GRAMMAR QUESTIONS 1. Underline the words that introduce the following clauses. Before I go to university After the job ends 2. Which tenses are the verbs in these clauses? Do they refer to the present or the future? 3. What's the difference between the sentences? Which is sure? Which is possible? When I go travelling, I'll send you lots of postcards. If I go travelling, I'll send you lots of postcards. READING Which things do you think we will all have in our homes in 20 years’ time? Read the text once to check. THE HOUSE OF THE FUTURE The future is coming, but, according to the experts, it probably won’t look like the set of a science fiction film. Everyday items will look pretty much like those we see around us today. But under the surface, things are changing and in 20 years’ time the products we use will definitely be able to do a lot more than they can today. One place where we are likely to see big changes is in the home. Developments in hardware and software will make everyday living simple and easy. When you walk into a room, the lights and heating will come on automatically and your favourite music will start to play without you having to do or say anything. It may even be possible to program the system to display artwork that suits individual family’s members’ personal tastes as they go around the house. In the living room, pressing a single button on the remote control will lower the lights , close the curtains, and switch off the music as the system realizes that a movie is about to start. New touch-screen technology built into the furniture means that the dining room table could become a computer screen. You might be able to place a mobile phone on a table and see digital pictures in its glass surface that were taken with the phone at school or work. In the kitchen, the refrigerator could be connected to the internet. It would ‘talk’ to the supplier and order replacement parts without you ever knowing something was
34. wrong. This fridge will be able to tell you what’s inside it, making the job of creating a shopping list much easier. And, as you remove the food from the fridge, and place it on the counter top, another computer there will recognize what it is and begin to suggest recipes. This is all possible because tiny, inexpensive computer chips will be attached to every product in the house, including your clothes. So, the washing machine will know how to wash your favourite linen shirt and your wardrobe will be able to tell you which clothes are at the dry-cleaner’s and when they are due back. An interactive mirror in the bedroom may allow you to see how you look in different clothes without the need to try them on. Unfortunately, one thing we are unlikely to use in the next few years is a human- like household robot. We will have to wait a bit longer for that. 1. Read the sentences below about the house of the future. Read the text again to decide if each sentence is true (T) or false (F). 1.___ Experts believe that objects will have a very different appearance in the future. 2.___ In the house of the future the heating will come on at a single instruction. 3.___ The pictures on the walls might change as people go in and out of rooms. 4. ___ One simple action will be enough to prepare the living room for watching a film. 5. ___ It might be possible to use furniture to display photographs. 6. ___ The fridge will inform the home-owner when it’s time to replace a broken part. 7. ___ The fridge will suggest recipes based on what ingredients are inside it. 8. ___ The computer chips needed to make the system work are cheap. 9. ___ The chip in your shirt will tell you when the shirt needs to be washed. 10. ___ The bedroom mirror will tell you if the clothes you are wearing suit you. 2. Which of the ideas in the article will most improve our lives and which are a waste of time? Why? 3. Can you think of any other things that would make your life easier? LISTENING Listen and fill in the blank. P = Paul; M = Mary. P Bye, darling. Have a good trip to New York. M Thanks. I’ll (1) you as soon as I arrive at the hotel. P Fine. Remember I’m .(2) out with Henry tonight. M Well, if you’re out when I ring, I’ll (4) on the answer phone, so you’ll know I’ve arrived (4). P Great. What time do you (5) you’ll be there? M If the plane arrives on time, I’ll be there at the hotel at (6)
35. P All right. Give me a ring (7) you know the time of your flight back, and I’ll pick you up at .(8). M Thanks, darling. Don’t forget to water the plants (9) I’m away. P Don’t worry. I .(10). Bye! CHECK IT 1. James is leaving for Rio de Janeiro. He's saying goodbye to his mum. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Put if, when, while, or as soon as into each gap. Mum Bye, my darling. Have a good flight to Rio. Remember, we're expecting (expect) a phone call from you this evening when you get there! James I .(ring) you ___I arrive at Diego's house. Mum Good. What time will you get there? James Well, the flight takes 12 hours. ___the plane .(arrive) on time, I (be) there about 11.30 – Rio time, of course. ,___, you (be) asleep when I ring, I . (leave) a message on the answer phone. Mum I won't be asleep! James OK! OK! Don't worry, Mum. I'll be fine. Mum All right. But___ you . (travel) around the country, you . (remember) to call us regularly? Make sure you phone twice a week. James Of course! And I . (phone) you ___ I .(run out of) money! Mum Cheeky! But you must look after yourself, darling. Give my best wishes to Diego's parents, and don't forget to give them this present ___you (get) to their house. James Don't worry. I won't. Oh, they (call) my flight! Love you, Mum. Bye! Mum Love you, James. Take care! 2. Choose the best answer. 1. You won't pass the course if you ___. A. don't study B. won't study 2. You'll pay higher insurance if you ___ a sports car. C. buy D. will buy 3. You ___ heart disease if you eat too much meat. E. get F. will get 4. If a deer ___ into your garden, it ___ all your plants. G. gets / will eat H. will get / eats 5. If I ___ some eggs, how many ___? I. cook / will you eat J. will cook / do you eat 6. If you ___ an apple every day, you'll be very healthy.
36. K. eat L. will eat 7. She ___ completely different if she cuts her hair. M. looks N. will look 8. If you don't put so much sugar in your coffee, you ___ so much weight! O. don't put on P. won't put on 9. If we don't protect the elephant, it ___ extinct. Q. will become R. becomes 10. You ___ better if you turn on the lamp. S. are able to see T. will be able to see U. 3. Complete each sentence below with If or When 1 . I am late to work, my boss gets very angry. That is why I am always on time. 2 I leave work, I usually go to the fitness center to work out. 3 .he eats, he tries to choose healthy foods. 4. His car is very reliable, and he rarely has any trouble with it. But he has had a couple of difficulties in the past. his car breaks down or he has any problems, he calls the auto club. 5. His car is terrible! It always breaks down. .his car breaks down or he has any problems, he calls the auto club. 6. Mary gets six weeks paid vacation a year. She loves to travel. .she goes on vacation, she always goes somewhere exotic. 7. Diane works harder than anyone I know. I don't think she has taken a day off in three years. But she does really love to travel. she goes on vacation, she goes somewhere exotic. 8. He loves going to the movies. he goes to the movies, he always gets a large popcorn with tons of butter. 9. She hates TV. She thinks television is a waste of time. .she watches any television at all, it is usually a documentary or a news program. 10. My friend always keeps in touch by mail. I get a letter, I usually write back immediately. 4. Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type I) by putting the verbs into the correct form. 1. If you (send) this letter now, she (receive) it tomorrow. 2. If I (do) this test, I (improve) .my English. 3. If I (find) your ring, I (give) .it back to you. 4. Peggy (go) .shopping if she (have) time in the afternoon. 5. Simon (go) to London next week if he (get) a cheap flight. 6. If her boyfriend (phone / not) today, she (leave) him. 7. If they (study / not) .harder, they (pass / not) the exam. 8. If it (rain) tomorrow, I (have to / not) water the plants. 9. You (be able/ not) .to sleep if you (watch) .this scary film.
37. 10. Susan (can / move / not) into the new house if it (be / not) .ready on time. WRITING 1. Complete the sentences with your ideas. Compare your ideas with a partner then the class. 1. As soon as this lesson finishes, I'm going to 2. If I have time this evening, I'll 3. If our teacher gives us a lot of homework, I won't 4. While I'm doing my homework, I'll 5. I won't go to bed until 6. If I have a holiday this summer, I'll probably 7. When my English is fluent, I'm going to 8. As soon as I'm earning a good salary, I'll 9. Before I get old, I'm going to 10. When I'm old, I won't 2. Choose the most appropriate ending for the following sentences: a) If we keep polluting our planet, b) If we use recycled paper and glass, c) Children will be aware of the importance of recycling d) If you have a shower instead of a bath, e) If the environmental issues are taught at school, 3. Write ten sentences about what you guess about our world in 20 years.
38. THINGS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD 10 UNIT Passives WARM UP: 1 Make true sentences from the chart. Champagne China Toyota cars is made in the USA Whisky are grown in Scotland Kodak cameras Japan Rice 2 What is made/grown in your country? PRESENTATION 1 A photograph that changed the world A photograph that changed the world This is the first X-ray photograph. It was taken by a German scientist, Wilhelm Roentgen in 1896. It is his wife’s hand. The bones in her hand (and also her wedding ring!) are clearly seen in the photo. X-rays were discovered by accident, while Roentgen was experimenting with electricity. Soon after, he built the first X-ray machine. Immediately, hospital operations were made much safer. For the first time, doctor could see inside people’s bodies before they cut them open! In 1901, Roentgen was awarded the very first Nobel Prize in Physics. His invention is still uses every day by doctors and dentists, and is called ‘ the window into the human body’. Read the story of X-ray. Are these statement true (√) of false (x)? Since the introduction of computer imaging in the 1970s, X-ray machines have been 1 X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm used for other things, too. At airports, many Roentgen in 1896. criminals have been caught with illegal items 2 The first X-ray photograph was taken in their luggage. Also, lost works of art have by Roentgen’s wife. been discovered underneath other paintings. 3 The first X-ray machine was also In factories, many faults in new products are invented by Roentgen. found every day, using X-rays. There is no 4 It is called “ the window into the human doubt that new uses for X-rays will be body”. developed in the future. 5 X-rays are only used in medicine. GRAMMAR QUESTIONS
39. What is the main interest of sentences a and b? X-rays or Wilhelm Roentgen? Which sentence is active? Which sentence is passive? a Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays. b X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen. GRAMMAR REVIEW: PASSIVES 1. Form The passive is formed with the verb ‘ to be’ and the past participle. The past participle of regular verb ends in -ed. There are many common irregular verbs, see the list. S + to be + ed (past participle) PRESENT SIMPLE Positive (+): S + am/is/are + P(II) Active: People speak English all over the world. Passive: English is spoken all over the world. Negative(-): S + am not/is not/are not + P(II) Active: They don’t help my children to do homework. Passive: My children are not helped to do homework. Question (?): Yes-No question: Am/Is/Are + S + P(II)? Active: Do you phone me every week? Short answer: Passive: Am I phoned every week by you?) Yes, you are./ No, you aren’t. Wh-question: Question word + am/is/are+ S+ P(II)? Active: How often do they deliver your post? Passive: How often is your post delivered? PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Positive (+): S+ am/is/are+ being + P(II) Ex: (+)Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan. Negative(-): S+ am not/isn’t/aren’t + being + P(II) (-) I’m not repairing the car at the moment. The car isn’t being repaired at the moment. Question (?): (Question word )+/ Am/Is/Are + S + being + P (II)? (?) Is he making big cakes for the party? Are the big cakes being made for the party by him? PAST SIMPLE:
40. Positive (+): S + was/were + P(II) Ex: (+) They built that house in 1978. That house was built in 1978 (by them). Negative(-): S+ was not (wasn’t) /were not (weren’t) + P(II) (-) He didn’t do his homework last night. His homework wasn’t done by him last night. Question (?): (Question word )+/ Was/Were + S + P (II)? (?) Did anyone take English books away? Were English books taken away? PRESENT PERFECT Positive (+): S+ have/has + been + P(II) Ex: (+) They have just finished the plan. The plan has been finished (by them). Negative(-): S+ have not (haven’t) /has not (hasn’t) +been + P(II) (-) She hasn’t written her novel yet. Her novel hasn’t been written yet. Question (?): (Question word )+/ Have/has + S + been + P (II) (?) How many restaurants have they opened since then? How many restaurants have been opened since then? FUTURE “WILL”: Positive (+): S+ will be + P(II) Ex: Mary will pay the bill tomorrow. The bill will be paid (by Mary) tomorrow. Negative(-): S+ will not (won’t) be + P(II) (-) They won’t produce that kind of car next year. That kind of car won’t be produced next year. Question (?): (Question word )+/ Will + S + be + P(II)? (?) When will you do the work? When will the work be done (by you)? MODAL VERBS Positive (+): S+ modal V + be + P(II) Ex: (+) You must take him to hospital. He must be taken to hospital. Negative(-): S+ modal V + not + be + P(II) (-) You mustn’t use mobile phone here. The mobile phone mustn’t be used here.
41. Question (?): (Question word )+/ modal V + S + be + P(II) (?) Should I bring warm clothes on holiday? Should warm clothes be brought on holiday? 2. Use The object of an active verb becomes the subject in the passive. The active verb changes into a passive form and the subject of the active verbs becomes the agent (the person who does the action). The agent is introduced with ‘by’ or it is omitted. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. Someone took my pen. Hamlet was written by My pen was taken (by someone). Shakespeare. (unknown agent, it’s omitted) ( the agent isn’t omitted, it adds information) The passive is used: 1 when the agent is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context. My car was stolen yesterday. (unknown agent) The road repairs were completed last week. (unimportant agent) 2 when the action is more important than the agent – as in new reports, formal notices, instructions, processes, headlines, advertisements etc. Taking pictures is not allowed. (written notice) The local bank was robbed this morning. (news report) Bread is baked in an oven for about 45 minutes (process) 3 to put emphasis on the agent. The Coca Cola was invented by Dr John Pemberton. Note 1 Some verbs, for example, give, send, show have two objects, a person and a thing. We have two ways to turn into the passive. Active: She gave me a book for my birthday. Passive: I was given a book for my birthday. Or : A book was given to me for my birthday. In the passive, we often make the person the subject, not the thing. 2 Verbs make, help are followed to-infinitive in the passive. Active: His father makes him learn hard. Passive: He is made to learn hard by his father.
42. 3 The verbs say, know, hope, believe, expect, think etc. can be used in the following patterns: Ex: Active: People (They) think that he is rich. a. It + passive + that + clause (impersonal construction) It is thought that he is rich. b. Subject (person) + passive + to-infinitive (personal construction) He is thought to be rich. GRAMMAR QUESTIONS Complete the rules by choosing the correct word in the sentence below. 1. We use passive / active sentences when we do not know or it is not important to say who does the action. 2. To make passive sentences we use do /be in the correct tense and the infinitive/ past participle of the verb. 3. If we need to say who does the action, we use by / of. PRACTICE 1 Complete the sentences with an active or passive form Active Passive 1 They make Rolls Royce cars in England. Rolls Royce cars are made in England. 2 Over 5 million people ___ the Eiffel The Eiffel Tower is visited by over 5 million Tower every year. people every year. 3 Graham Bell invented the telephone in The telephone ___by Graham Bell 1876. in 1876. 4 Thieves ___ ‘ The Scream’ by ‘The Scream’ by Edvard Munch was stolen in Edvard Munch in 2004. 2004. 5 They have sold Van Gogh painting for $82 Van Gogh painting ___for million. $ 82 million. 6 More than 2,000 people ___ Mount Everest has been climbed by more than Mount Everest. 2,000 people. 7 The factory will produce that kind of car That kind of car ___ next year. next year. 8 ___ they ___ many cars last year? Were many cars made last year? 9 Bell didn’t invented the television. The television ___ by Bell. 2 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense, active or passive.
43. The hamburger is the most eaten food in the world. The first hamburgers (make) and sold in Connecticut in 1895 by an American chef called Louis Lassen. Louis (call) them hamburgers because he (give) the recipe by sailors from Hamburg in The history of the Germany. Hamburgers (become) .a favorite in Hamburger America in the early part of the twentieth century. Their popularity (grow) even more after the Second World War, when they (buy) in large quantities by teenagers who (prefer) fast food to family meals. In 1948 two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald (open) .a drive-in hamburger restaurant in San Bernardino, California. Since then over 25,000 McDonald’s restaurants (open) worldwide and now 35 million McDonald hamburgers (eat) every day in 115 countries in the world. 3 Match the question words and answers Louis Lassen. When? In Connecticut. Where? In 1895. Who? In 1948. Why? Because the recipe came from How many? Hamburg. 25,000. 35 million. 4 Complete the questions using the passive. In 1895 When was the first hamburger made? 5 Choose the best answer A,B,C or D to complete the sentences. 1. The child’s arm was swollen because he ___ by a bee. A. stung B. had stung C. had been stung D. had being stung 2. Today, many serious childhood diseases ___ by early immunization. A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented 3. Many US automobiles ___ in Detroit, Michigan.
44. A. manufacture B. are manufactured C. have manufactured D. are manufacturing 4. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ___ by waiting. A. accomplishes B. had accomplished C. accomplished D. will be accomplished 5. “When ___?” “ In 1928” A. Penicillin was discovered B. was penicillin discovered C. did penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover 6. Vitamin C ___ by the human body. It gets into the blood stream quickly. A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbed C. is easily absorbing D. absorbed easily. 7. “When can I have my car back?” “I think it will ___ late this afternoon” A. finish B. be finished C. have finished D. be finish 8. The university ___ by private funds as well as by tuition income and grants. A. is supported B. supports C. is supporting D. has supported 9. Reference books ___ on the stacks. A. keep B. are kept C. are keeping D. is kept 10. The table ___ with a cloth. A. is covering B. covered C. was covered D. is covered 6 Look at the text in each notice. What does it say? Circle the correct letter A, B or C Please take your 1 2 Clothes left in these vegetables to be 3 Socks must be worn changing rooms will weighed at the with hired bowling be thrown away after checkout shoes. three months 1. A We will not keep any clothes here for longer than three months. B You can collect clothes from the changing rooms after three months C Clothes thrown away here can be collected in three months’ time. 2. A You can weigh your fruit yourself at the checkout. B The checkout assistant will weigh the fruit for you. C When you have weighed your fruit take it to the check out. 3. A You cannot wear the bowling alley’s shoes if you don’t have socks on. B If you want to bowl, you have to hire socks. C It is not essential to hire bowling shoes unless you wear socks. READING An invention that changed the world 1 You are going to read a text about Google. The words in the box all appear in the text. Use a dictionary to help you guess. weblink worldwide result search engine fan website
45. The invention of How many common English words were invented by Shakespeare? Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They met in 1995 when they were both studying computer science at ‘ Stanford University, USA. They were also How long did it take people to find the both fans of the science fiction TV answer to this question 15 years ago? And program Star Trek, and they loved the now? You can google it and find the answer spaceship computer. They dreamed of immediately! producing something that could also answer any question in seconds. Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their credit cards and bought as much computer memory as possible. They also borrowed money from family and friends. Then in 1998, they were given a cheque for $ 100,000, and they started their own company. Their first office was in a friend’s garage! The company name Google comes from mathematics. A ‘ googol’ is a very high number – 1 followed by a hundred zeros. The Google search engine was soon used by thousands of people worldwide because it was fast, easy and accurate. By 2002 it was the biggest search engine on the Internet. Now, more questions have been answered by Google than any other Internet service, from sport to science, and from music to medicine. Google hopes that in the future all the world’s information will be put on the Internet, so that everybody can find anything. 2 Answer the questions 1 Who made the invention? 2 How long did it take to develop? 3 Were there any problems in the beginning? 4 What are important dates in its history? 5 How useful is the invention now? Give an example. 6 What could happen with it in the future? 3 Are the statements true (√) of false (x)? Correct the false ones.
46. 1 Larry and Sergey met each other first in 1995. 2 Both of them studied at Stanford University, USA. 3 They started their business so easily. 4 Any questions can be answered by Google now. 5 Larry and Sergey only used their money to open their own company. LISTENING Listen the conversation and fill in the blank R Receptionist C = Client R Hello, the Grand Hotel. Cathy speaking. How can I help you? C I’d like to make a reservation, please. R Certainly. When is it for? C It’s for (1) , the thirteenth and the fourteenth of this month. R And do you want a single or a double room? C (2) ., please. R Ok. Yes, that’s fine. I have a room for you. And your name is? C Robert Palmer. Can you tell me how much it is? R Yes. That’s (3) Can I have a credit card number, please? C Yes, sure. It’s a Visa. (4) R Thank you. And could I have a phone number? C Uh huh. (5) R That’s fine. We look forward to seeing you on the (6) Bye-bye. C Thanks a lot. Good bye. WRITING 1 Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice 1. We use this room only on special occasion. This room 2. They are pulling down the old theater. The old 3. People often bring their children along when they go on holiday. The children 4. Has someone posted my parcel? Has 5. You should take these books back to the library right now. Those books
47. 6. All the ministers will see him off at the airport. He will 7. No one has taken the table away. The table 8. People say he has been in France. He is 9. Sally's parents gave her a micro-computer for her birthday. Sally 10. People know that English is an international language. English 2 Rewrite the following passage in the passive Our apartment-block is starting a new scheme. We will collect all the old newspapers and tin cans. We will put them in a special container. When the container is full, the council will collect it. They will take it to a factory. The factory will recycle the newspapers and cans into something new. What if? 11 Second conditional. Might. Phrasal verbs UNIT
48. WARM UP: 1. Which country would you like to visit? What would you do there? I would like to visit the USA. I would see White House and would meet the president. 2. If you won a lot of money, what would you buy? I’d buy a luxury car. PRESENTATION 1 SWEET DREAMS Read about Nicola’s dreams. Complete sentences about Nicola. If I were a princess, I’d live in a palace. I’d have servants to look after me. I wouldn’t go to school. I’d have a private teacher. I’d ride a white horse. I could have all the sweets I wanted. If Nicola were a princess, she She wouldn’t go to school if . Who would .her if she were a princess? Would she .all the sweets she wanted? Yes, GRAMMAR REVIEW: SECOND CONDITIONAL Form: If + S+ V (Past simple), S+ would + infinitive without “to” Positive and negative If I had more money, I ’d (would) buy an I-phone. she knew the answer, she tell us. I didn’t live in a big city, I wouldn't be bored. Question What would you do if you had a year off? you say I ask you to marry me? Short answer Would you travel round the world if you Yes, I would/ No, I wouldn’t. had a lot of money? Note: 1. The condition clause can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence. If it comes at the beginning, we put a comma “,” at the end of the clause. If it comes at the end, we do not use a comma. If I had more time, I’d help you.
49. I’d help you if I had more time. 2. ‘Were’ is used instead of ‘was’ in the condition clause If I were you, I’d go to bed. If she were younger, she’d go swimming every day. Use: The second conditional is used to express an unreal or improbable condition and its probable result in the present or future. If I lived in a palace, I would have servants. I would go to work if I felt better. If I had a car, I’d give you a lift. The condition is different from the fact that we know. If I lived in a big house, I’d have a party. ( But now I live in a small house) What would happen if you didn’t go to work tomorrow? ( But you are going to work tomorrow) PRACTICE 1. Complete the conversation. Use the Past Simple or ’d / would. Lisa What (1 do) ___w_o_u_l_d _y_ou_ _do___ if you (2 win) ___ a lot of money? Jody Well, I (3 not put) ___ the money in the bank. First, I (4 look for) ___ a really big house, and I (5 like) ___ to do something special. Lisa (6 like) ___ to meet the Spice Girls? Jody No, I (7 would) ___ ! If I (8 meet) ___ them, I (9 not know) ___ what to say! Lisa Oh, I (10 love) ___ to meet them! It (11 be)___ fantastic! Lisa and Jody 2. What would you do if ? if you came home and found a burglar. I’d shout and run away. if you saw someone shoplifting. if you saw two people fighting in the street. if you found a lot of money in a wallet. If I were you 3. We can give advise using If I were you, I’d If I were you, I’d take it to the nearest police station. I found a wallet in the street. Give advice to these people I have never enough money. I have a row with my mother. I really need to do more exercise.
50. 4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb. 1 I’d be very surprised if Tom (phone) ___p_h_on_e_d_ _ _ . 2 If we (have) ___ a party, would you come? 3 He (be) ___ happy if he won his next match. 4 If I were you, I (ask) ___ her. 5 We’d be sad if you (not come) ___ . 6 I (help) ___ you if I had the time. GRAMMAR QUESTIONS Complete the rule We make unreal conditional clauses with if + the ___tense In the result clause, we use the auxiliary verb ___+ the infinitive PRESENTATION 2 WHO KNOWS? 1. Two students are saying what they’re going to do when they leave university. Complete the texts with the words in the box. . ` are going to buy want to work Ruth will have am having am going to look I .a holiday in Italy for a couple of weeks, staying in a villa in Tuscany. Then I .for a job. I in the media- advertising or the BBC would be perfect. My sister and I a flat together, somewhere central so we to start looking soon. I’m very excited about the future. And I’m also highly ambitious!
51. might meet might live Henry might work I’m not sure yet. Some friends have invited me to go to Long Island with them, so I might go to America. I’ll have to earn some money, so I in a restaurant for a bit. I don’t know what I want to do. I love France, so I .live in Paris for a while. I could earn some money painting portraits in Montmartre. Who knows? I a beautiful French girl and fall in love. Wouldn’t that be wonderful! 2. Answer the questions: 1 Who is certain about what they want to do? Who is not? 2 Who is more ambitious? What makes you think this? 3 What job are they thinking of doing? 3. What are some of Ruth’s plan and ambitions? She’s having a holiday in Italy. villa in Tuscany. for a job. flat together. 4. What are some of the possibilities in Henry’s life? He might go to America. restaurant for a bit. Paris for a while. .French girl GRAMMAR REVIEW MIGHT Form Might + infinitive without “to”. Might is a modal auxiliary verb. The forms of might are the same for all persons. Positive and negative I go to the party. He might be late. It might not rain tomorrow. we go out for a meal tonight. Question The inverted question Might you ? is unusual. It’s very common to ask a question with Do you think +will ? you’ll get home on time? Do you think it’ll rain?
52. they’ll come to our party? Short answer Do you think you’ll get home on time? I might. Do you think it’ll rain? It might. Use 1 Might means the same as perhaps will . It is used to express a future possibility. Perhaps we’ll go to Spain for our holiday. We might go to Spain for our holiday. 2 Notice that, in the negative, these sentences express the same idea of possibility. It might not rain this afternoon. I don’t think it’ll rain this afternoon. PRACTICE 1. Choosing the correct form of the verb 1 Don’t wait for me. I’ll be/ I might be late. It depends on the traffic. 2 A What are you doing tonight? B I don’t know. I’m going/ I might go out, or I’m staying/ I might stay at home. 3 We have guests coming for Sunday lunch. I’m going to cook/ I might cook roast beef. I’ve bought all the ingredients. 4 A Goodbye, darling! I’ll phone/ I might phone as soon as I arrive. B Thanks. Bye! 5 Are you going to have a winter holiday this year? I’m/ I might. I haven’t decided yet. 2. Complete the sentences using might or perhaps. 1 We ___m_ig_h_t___ g o dancing later. 2 ___ he wasn’t telling the truth. 3 Well, he ___ come, but I doubt it. 4 Don’t worry, ___ the film hasn’t started yet. 5 I think ___ your keys are in your bag. 6 I ___ be late tomorrow. 7 ‘Do you think it will rain?’ ‘It ___ .’ 8 That was ___ her best chance. 9 ‘Will you come?’ ‘ ___ .’ 10 There were two, ___ three, teenagers. 11 Paul ___ not want to come with us. Check it 3. Correct the mistakes in these sentences 1 if I’d have a car, I’d give you a lift.
53. 2 They’ll call their baby Lily, but they aren’t not sure yet. 3 I’d visit you more often if you don’t live so far away. 4 I’m playing tennis tomorrow. I’m not sure. 5 If I’m younger, I’ll learn to play the piano, but I’m too old now. READING Supervolcano 1 Discuss the questions What famous volcanoes are there in the world? How many can you name? Are they active or extinct? What do you know about them? 2 What do you think a ‘supervolcano” is? Read the first half the article about them. Check the highlighted words in your dictionary. Mark the sentences true, false, or don’t know (?) 1 A supervolcano is a volcano which has recently erupted. 2 Not many people know that Yellowstone Park is a supervolcano. 3 Yellowstone Park is an extinct supervolcano. 4 About 40 supervocalno have been found on our planet. 5 The most recent eruption on a supervocalno was in Yellowstone Park. 6 It is unlikely that another supervocalno will erupt. 3 Read the second half of the article. Check the highlighted words, and put the events in the correct order. If Yellowstone volcano erupted,  There would be no summer in Europe.  87,000 people would die immediately (1)  The tropical forest would die.  Iceland might start to help feed the world.  Warmer countries would have famines.
54. VOCABULARY Phrasal verbs 1 Phrasal verbs consist of a verb + 5 Some phrasal verbs are idiomatic. adverb/preposition. Some phrasal verbs are literal. I gave up my job because it was boring (= stop) The plane took off (= leave the ground) I want to go away and travel. Let’s put off today’s meeting till next week. (= Take off your coat. postpone) She gave away all her money. look after someone 2 Complete the sentences with a word from the my car’s broken down box. look up a word look out out at down back run out of something get on with someone 1 Put ___ something warm. It’s cold today. 2 There’s some ice-cream in the freezer. Can you get it ___ 6 Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb from 3 Dave! Come here and sit ___next to exercise 5 me. 1 Can I ___ this word in your 4 Look ___the countryside. Isn’t it dictionary? beautiful? 2 I’ve ___milk, so I can’t have any 5 When are you going ___ to your cereal. country? 3 My boss is a great guy. I ___well ___ him. 3 Can you guess these phrasal verbs? If not, 4 Leave little Annie here. I’ll ___her while look them up in dictionary. you’re out. pick something up 5 Oh no! Our car’s ___, and there isn’t a garage for miles! look for something 6 ___! There’s some broken glass on turn something off the floor. lie down turn round Talking about you try something on Complete the sentences with one of the phrasal throw something away verbs on this page in the correct form. 1 How do you ___your parents? 4 Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb 2 When did you last catch a plane? Did it from exercise 3 ___ on time? 1 I’m ___ my glasses. Have you seen 3 Have you ever ___ a baby? them anywhere? Whose? 2 I like these jeans. Can I ___them 4 When did you last ___something ___ ___? in clothes shop? Did you buy it? 3 You shouldn’t drop litter on the floor. 5 Have you ever ___ petrol? What ___ it ___! did you do? 4 Don’t ___ ___ the newspaper. I 6 If you won a lot of money, would you haven’t read it yet. ___ any of it? Who to? 5 If you don’t feel well, go and ___
55. 6 Do you like my dress? Let me see. ___ Yes. Very nice! 7 Why are all these lights on? ___them ___ LISTENING If I were you Listen conversations and complete the charts If I were you, I’d . 1.I have no money 2.My hair’s awful 3. I’ve got toothache 4.I’ve had a row with my boyfriend. 5.My car won’t start in the morning. 6.My neighbors make a lot of noise. WRITING 1 Rewrite these sentences using the Second conditional. 1 I’m not rich. I don’t live in a big house. If I were rich, I’d live in a big house. 2 He works in the evening. He has no time to play with his children 3 She buys a lot of clothes. She has no money. 4 I haven’t got a car. I can’t give you a lift. 5 I go to bed late. In the morning I’m tired. 6. She hasn’t got a watch. She’s always late. 7 I don’t buy that house, because it’s so small. 8 Peter is fat because he eats so many chips. 9. I don’t have a degree, so I can’t get a job easily. 2 Write the sentences with might instead of perhaps + will 1 Perhaps it will rain tomorrow. It might rain tomorrow. 2 Perhaps I won’t get my cheque today. 3 Perhaps Joe and Elle will pop in for a drink this evening.
56. 4 Perhaps I’ll get a Playstation for my birthday. 5 I’m a bit worried – perhaps Dave won’t phone me tonight. 6 David’s worried. Perhaps he will fall his exam. 3 Reorder these words to make true sentences 1 shoes/ the/ these/shop/ to/ perhaps/ will/ take/she. 2 travel/had/money/the/a lot of/if/he/ world/would/ round. 3 If/the/ look/ my/ on/ go/ holiday/I /friend/ look/will/after/cat. 4 didn’t/ with/ on/get/ you/you/would/ do/ your/family/what/if? 5 If/ I’d/ had/ help/ you/ time/ I. 4 Think about your future life. How do you see you life in next year/ in five year’s time/ in ten year’s time? Write some notes about your hopes and ambitions at each of these times. My plan in next year is a holiday in Italy. I’m going to visit my aunt EARNING A 12 LIVING UNIT Present perfect continuous WARM UP: 1. How long have you been learning English? I have been learning English for 5 years. 2. When did you start ? In 2006 PRESENTATION 1 STREET LIFE Al Brown, 31, from a small town in Pennsylvania, USA, has his own 1 Read Al’s story. Answer the questions delivery business for five years. When 1 What went wrong in Al’s life? he lost it, he also lost his home and 2 Where does he sleep? his family. He now sleeps on the 3 How is he trying to help himself? streets in New York. Street News is a magazine that is sold by homeless 2 Match the questions a – f with answers people in the city. Selling newspapers 1 – 6 in the article. gives them a small income, so they can begin to save money for somewhere to a How many copies do you sell a day? live. b How long have you been selling Street News? 1 c Have you made many friends? For a year. It was very cold at first, but after a d How many copies have you sold today? while you get used to it. e How long have you been sleeping on the 2 I came here to look for work, and I never left. 3 For six months. I’m outside the subway station
57. streets? f Why did you come to New York? GRAMMAR REVIEW: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS Form has/have + been + -ing (present participle) Positive and negative I We ‘ve (have) You haven’t They been working. He ‘s (has) She hasn't It Question Yes/ No question Have I/we/you/they been working? Has he/she/it Short answer Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t Yes, he has/ No, he hasn’t
58. Wh- question I we have you How long they been working? he has she it Use The Present Perfect Continuous is used: 1 to express an activity which began in the past and continues to the present. We’ve been waiting here for hours! It’s been raining for days. 2 to refer to an activity with a result in the present. I haven’t got any money because I’ve been shopping. Her eyes are red because she’s been crying. PRACTICE What have they been doing? Make a sentence about the people, using an idea from the box. Add because and say what they’ve been doing. a, He is hot because he’s been running.
59. hot back hurts paint on her clothes dirty hands no money tired eyes hurt wet red face PRESENTATION 2 I’ve been working really hard Read the dialogue and answer the questions Daughter: Mum, Jane has just phoned to ask if I will go to the cinema with her. May I? Mother: Have you done your homework yet? Daughter: Well, I have been doing it for about 2 hours now, but I haven’t finished it yet. Mother: If you haven’t completed your homework, you cannot go. School comes first. Remember, you have promised me to study harder this year. Daughter: But mum, I have been working really hard this year and I have already Mother and daughter improved in Math and Chemistry. Mother: But that's only because I have always pushed you to do something. Daughter: But I also need a break some time. Look, I haven’t been to the cinema for two months. May I go? Just this once.
60. 1 Has the daughter done her homework yet? 2. How long has she been doing her homework? 3. What has she promised her mother this year? GRAMMAR REVIEW PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS 1 Often there is very little difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous. In many cases, both are equally acceptable. They've been working here for a long time, but Andy has worked here for even longer. I've lived here for 10 years, and she has been living here for 12 years. 2 To emphasize the action, we use the continuous form. We've been working really hard for a couple of months. She's been having a hard time. To emphasize the result of the action, we use the simple form. I've made fifteen phone calls this morning. He's written a very good report. Look at the difference in these examples. I've been reading this book for two months but I've only read half of it. It's very difficult to read. They've been talking about this for months and they still haven't found a solution. 3 Think of the verbs that the idea for a long time, for example, wait, work, learn, travel, play. They can be found in the Present perfect continuous I’ve been playing tennis since I was a boy. Think of the verbs that don’t have the idea for a long time, for example, find, start, die, lose, break, stop. It’s unusual to find these verbs in the Present perfect continuous. My radio has broken. Anna has found a good job. 4 Verbs that express a state, for example, like, love, know, have (for possession only), think, understand are not found in the Present perfect continuous We’ve known each other for many years. ( Not: We’ve been knowing each other for many years) How long have you had your car? ( Not: How long have you been having your car?) GRAMMAR QUESTIONS When to use which tense (Present perfect simple or continuous)? If we want to emphasize the duration of an action, we use If we want to tell, how often something has happened so far, we use If we want to emphasize the result of an action, we use
61. If we want to emphasize that an action is completed now, we use PRACTICE 1. Put in the correct tense (Present perfect simple or continuous) 1 He (work) . in this company since 1985. 2 I (wait) . for you since two o'clock. 3 Sandy (cook) dinner four times this week. 4 Why is he so tired? He (play) tennis for five hours. 5 I (read) this book. You can have it back. 6 We (look for) the motorway for more than an hour. 7 Paul (believe) in Gods since he was young. 8 The film (run / not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already. 9 How long (work / she) in the garden? 10 She (not / be) . in the garden for more than an hour. 2 Read the texts. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense, Present or Past Simple, Present perfect simple or continuous ‘ 1. My daughter 2. I (1) .(learn) Italian for (1) .(try) to find a job the past three years. My teacher is very for months. She (2) (leave) good, and I (2) .(like) her very university in June, and since then she much. (3) (have) one or two part- I (3) (be) to Italy three time jobs. She times. I (4) .(go) there last (4) .(work) in a café for year with my family, and we the last two weeks. She (5) .(stay) in Florence. I (5) (want) to work in (6) .(enjoy) it a lot, but publishing. She (6) .(write) there (7) .(be) too hundreds of letters of application, and she many people. (7) .(have) a few interviews, but no job offers yet. READING A funny way to earn a living Cathy has made a career out of her passion Flying for a living
62. Cathy Moorhead has only ever had one job. She has never wanted to do anything but be in a hot air balloon, going where the wind takes her, listening to the birds, and watching deer and small animals below her. And she gets paid for it, about $25,000 a year. ‘I’ve been flying balloons since I was 10, and I have done it professionally for 12 years. I fly between 10 and 20 passengers in different balloons’. The flight usually last an hour, and they go early in the morning or just before sunset. ‘The trips are always mystery tours,’ she says. ‘I never know where we’re going to land.’ She starts work about 6 am, and works anything from 15 hours a day to nothing, if the weather is bad. ‘We can’t fly if it’s too windy, if visibility is poor, or if it’s raining. The balloons gets too heavy and the passengers get wet.’ What’s the best thing about the job? ‘The job itself. I love being out in the countryside and I hate routines. So this is heaven for me. 1 Read the text and answer the questions 1 Does Cathy work outdoors or indoors? 2 How long has she been doing this job? 3 Why does she like the job? 4 How long has Cathy been flying balloons? 5 How many hours a day does Cathy work? 2 Are these statements true (√) of false (x)? Correct the false ones. 1 Cathy flies in a hot air balloon to earn a living. 2 She does the same thing every day. 3 Her flight usually starts in the dawn or before the dusk.
63. 4 Every day she works 15 hours. 5 Cathy and her passengers might be wet if it’s raining. LISTENING Listen and fill in the blank 1 Are we nearly there yet, Dad? No. It’s miles to go, but we’ll stop soon and have something to eat. All right. I need the toilet, anyway. 2 How much is it to send this letter to Australia? Give it to me and I’ll weigh it. That’s .1.20 Ok. That’s fine. And a book of ten first-class stamps, please. All right. 3 Hi. Can I pay for my petrol, please? Which pump? Er pump number .five. Forty-one pounds 78p, please. 4 The 7.56 from Bristol is now arriving at platform 4. virgin Rail would like to apologize for the late arrival for this service. This was due to circumstances beyond our control. 5 A vodka and orange, please. How old are you? Eighteen. Hmm. Have you got any identification on you? No. WRITING 1 Use the prompts to write sentences with the correct form of the present perfect simple or continuous. Sorry for/late. I hope/ you/wait not/ long The room/ much nicer. I/ hang/ some pictures. You/empty/ the bin/yet? How many/ short message/ send/you/this month? We/work/ 6 hours/ without break. 2 Rewrite the following sentences using the given words 1 My friend's mother has been working with foreigners for a long time.
64. My friend's mother started 2. It’s years since we last traveled abroad. We haven’t 3. I haven’t watched TV for a week. The last 4. We bought this house 2 years ago. We have 5. We have never met him before. It’s the 6. It started to rain at 2 pm. It has 1. The last time it rained was a fortnight ago. It REVIEW (UNIT 6-12) I. HAVE (GOT) TO, CAN. SHOULD, MUST 1. Rewrite the sentences. Use a form of have to 1. It’s necessary for the children to wear a uniform. The children ___ a uniform. 2. I can stay in bed until late tomorrow. I ___ get up early tomorrow. 3. Why was it necessary for you to go to the office? Why ___ the office? 4. Must you leave so soon? ___ so soon?
65. 5. I needed to make a phone call. ___ a phone call. 6. It wasn’t necessary for us to work on Sunday. We ___ on Sunday. 2. Correct the sentences. 1. Do you can drive a car? 2. I’m afraid we must go now. 3. She cans sing very well. 4. She musts go to the dentist this afternoon. 5. You don’t should drink and drive. 6. It won’t raining tomorrow. 7. Could you to help me? 8. I don’t would like to be a policeman. 3. Rewrite the sentences using a modal verb from the box can can’t could must mustn’t ‘ll should shouldn’t 1. I’d like the salt, please. ___ you pass me the salt, please? 2. I don’t think it’s a good idea for you to stay. You ___ stay. 3. It is certain to rain this afternoon. It ___ rain this afternoon. 4. Do you know how to drive? ___ you drive? 5. Do not leave luggage here. It isn’t allowed. You ___ leave luggage here. 6. It’s very important that you stop smoking. You ___ stop smoking. 7, Janet doesn’t know how to play an instrument. Janet ___ play an instrument. 8. I think it would be a good idea to apologize. You ___ apologize. 4. Choose the correct option
66. 1. You should/ have to show your passport at the airport. 2. I don’t think you should/ You mustn’t read that book. It isn’t very good. 3. If you want to learn English, you must/ should get an English pen friend. 4. I think we should/ must take some flowers when we go to Sue’s for dinner. 5. We mustn’t/ don’t have to forget Robert’s birthday tomorrow. 6. I must/ should pay my taxes soon. I don’t want to go to prison. 7. She’s very rich, so she doesn’t have to/ mustn’t work. 8. You mustn’t/ shouldn’t smoke in here. It isn’t allowed. II. TIME CLAUSES/ FIRST CONDITIONAL 1. Choose the correct sentence in each pair. 1. A I’ll get a newspaper when I go to the shops B I get a newspaper when I will go to the shop. 2. A She’s going to wait until he’ll come. B She’s going to wait until he comes. 3. A As soon as you turn left, you’ll see the church. B As soon as you’ll turn left, you’ll see the church. 4. A Pietro’s going to meet us before he sees Janet. B Pietro’s going to meet us before he’ll see Janet. 2. Choose the correct answer. Sometimes two answers are possible. 1. We were really surprised ___ he arrived unexpectedly. a. if b. when c. as soon as 2. I’m really hungry! Let’s go for dinner ___ the film finishes. a. before b. as soon as c. when 3. Wait ___ you’ve had lunch. a. until b. after c. when 4. I’m very busy, but I’ll go shopping ___ I have time. a. until b. when c. if 5. I’ll have a shower ___ I go to bed. a. before b. after c. while 6. Oh no! I forget to feed the cat! I’ll do it ___ we get home. a. after b. as soon as c. when 7. We’ll go skiing this weekend ___ it snows enough this week. a. when b. after c. while 8. We’re staying in a guesthouse ___ our new house is built.