Ứng dụng dung dịch hoạt hóa điện hóa trong nông nghiệp và chế biến thực phẩm - Nguyễn Văn Hà

Nội dung text: Ứng dụng dung dịch hoạt hóa điện hóa trong nông nghiệp và chế biến thực phẩm - Nguyễn Văn Hà

1. Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010 IfNG DUNG DUNG DICH HOAT HOA DIEN HOA • • • • TRONG NONG NGHIEP VA CHE BIEN THl/C PHAM • • Nguyen Van Ha, Nguyen Hoai Chau Vien Cong nghe moi truong; 18 - Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi E.mail: ng vanha(a),vahoo.com Tom tat: Tie gdn mudi ndm nay, dung dich hogt hod dien hod (electrochemical activated solution-ECAS) diiu chi tren cdc thiet bi ECA WA do Viin Cdng nghi mdi truang chi tgo dang dupe icng dung rdng rdi trong ndng nghiep vd chi bien thuy sdn. ECAS cd tdc dung cdi thien mdi trudng chudng trgi chdn nudi tucmg duong vdi cdc chdt khic triing truyin thdng nhu Benkocid, Vikon-S Viec cho lan con theo me vd Ipm sau cai siea udng 5% ECAS thudng xuyin dd lam gidm ro ret ty le mdc benh tiiu chdy vd ty li chit cua chiing. Cam sdnh thuong phdm sau khi dupe xic ly bdng ECAS cd thdi gian bdo qudn sau thu hogeh tdng lin ddng ke md chat lupng it bi dnh huong. Cdc thic nghiem ECAS trin cdc ddy chuyin gid md gd, Ipn cdng nghiep dd cho thdy su gidm mat dp vi sinh ro ret tren sdn phdm thit tuoi. Viec dung ECAS thay thi canxi hypoclorit trong vi sinh chi bien thuy sdn da cho thdy nhirng uu thi ndi trdi cua nd: hiiu qud khir triing cao han, khdng di lai du lutmg chdt khir triing vd giir duac cdm quan tdt cho sdn phdm. Nhimg kit qud nghiin ciru trin diu phii hap vdi cdc kit qud nghien ciru dupe thuc hien d Nga, Nhdt, My trong nhieng ndm gdn ddy. Diiu ndy chieng td cdng nghi hogt hod diin hod cd dim ndng icng dung rdt ldn trong ndng nghiep vd chi biin thuc phdm d nude ta. Abstract: For last ten years, electrochemical activated solution (ECAS) is prepared on ECAWA equipments which manufactured at Institute of Environmental Technology is widely used in agriculture and food industry. ECAS has ability to improve pigery livestock farm environment very good when it is used to replace traditional disinfection agents as Benkocid, Vikon-S The diarrhoea-infected piglets' number and the dead number of swines reduced evidently after drinking 5% ECAS water frequently. The post-harvest preservation term of goods thick- skinned orange processed by ECAS was increased distinctly with a little decreasing the quality of products. The disinfection trials results of ECAS on broiler and pig slaughter industrial line have shown significant reduction of the bacteria population on raw meat products. To substitute ECAS for canxi hypoclorite as disinfectant in seafood processing indicated remarkable advantages of ECAS: higher disinfection effective, absent disinfectant residue and remaining perceptible quality of products. Our investigation results were similar to Russian, Japan, and US scientific results that were made public in recent years. Those results indicated that use of ECAS is an emerging technology with considerable application potential. 201
2. Tieu ban: Moi trudng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 1. DAT VAN DE Cac loai benh truyen qua thuc pham dang rat pho bien tren pham vi toan the gioi. Nhimg thiet hai ma chiing gay ra cho loai nguoi vo cung Ion. Chinh vi vay, viec ngan chan sir nhiem benh va ngo doc tir thuc pham da va dang dugc quan tam ngay cang nhieu. Tren the gioi viec tim kiem cac phuang phap va cac tac nhan an toan, hieu qua de bao dam ve sinh an toan thuc pham dang thu but sir chii y cua cac co quan nghien cuu, cac cong ty che bien thuc pham va ca cac to chuc chinh tri, xa hoi. Con duong tot nhat de giam thieu tac dong cua nguon benh truyen tir thuc pham la phai bao dam cung cap thuc pham an toan cho nguofi sir dung. Viec phan tich nguyen nhan cua cac vu ngo doc thuc pham tren pham vi rong da cho thay moi nguy mat an toan co the ton tai ngay trong he thong cung cap thuc pham, tir san xuat toi che bien, luu trir va phan phoi toi nguoi tieu dimg. Cac vi khuan gay benh nhiem vao thuc pham 6f bat ky khau nao cua he thong cung cap deu co the la tac nhan gay ngo doc thuc pham. Chinh vi vay, viec tim kiem chat sat khuan hieu qua, it doc hai, gia re, de sir dung cho ca he thong cung cap thuc pham luon la mot nhiem vu day thir thach. Dung dich muoi loang sau khi xir ly trong khoang a not cua buong phan ung dien hoa se tro thanh dung dich ECAS co tinh 6 xy boa manh da dugc biet den nhu la mgt chat sat trung moi trong nhiing nam gan day tren pham vi toan the gioi. Du mang nhieu ten ggi khac nhau tuy thuoc vao cac tac gia nhu anolyte, nuoc 6 xy boa dien phan (Electrolyzed oxidizing water, EOW), nuoc dien phan (electrolyzed water, EW) hay nuoc sieu 6 xy boa (super-oxidized water, SOW), dung dich nay deu dugc danh gia rang co nhieu uu diem n6i trgi so voi cac tac nhan khir trung truyen thong khac: Hieu lire khir triing cao, de van hanh thiit bi, re tiSn va than thien moi truong. ECAS khong gay ra an mon da, mang nhay va chdt lieu hixu co [1]. Nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu da chiing to rang ECAS tieu diet dugc nhilu loai vi khuin va hoan toan thich hgp de lam chat khir triing cac d6i tugng khac nhau trong benh vien [2, 3, 4]. Nho nhirng dac tinh an toan voi moi truong va con nguoi nen nhieu nghien cuu ung dung ECAS trong nong nghiep va che bien thuc pham da dugc thuc hien [5, 6]. Trong vong gan muofi nam qua, Vien Cong nghe moi truong da tilp thu cong nghe tir Lien bang Nga va da thuc hien cac du an cbl tao thiit bi ciing nhu nghien ciiu ling dung ECAS trong nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhau nhu y te, chan nuoi, nuoi trSng thuy san, bao quan rau qua, che bien thuc pham, che bien thuy san .Bai bao nay trinh bay mgt s6 kit qua nghien ciiru ling dung ECAS trong nong nghiep va cbl biin thuc phim da dugc Vien Cong nghe moi truong thuc hien trong nhirng nam gan day. 2. CHE TAO THIET BI DIEU CHE DUNG DICH HOAT HOA DIEN HOA Cong nghe ECA dugc phat triln tai Vien nghien ciiu khoa hgc va ky thuat y tl Nga (VNIIIMT) tir nhiing nam 80 cua thi ky truoc. Tai day, da nay sinh y tuong clil tao modul phan ling dien boa de lam mgt cong cu da nang cho nhilu nghien ciiu o cac linh vuc khac nhau vao nam 1987. Tren co so cac modul nay se cbl tao cac thiit bi ECA phuc vu cho cac cong nghe than thien moi truong. Nam 1989, modul dien boa dkxi tien FEM-1 da dugc thiit kl boi V. M. Bakhir va Yu.G. Zadorozhny tai VNIIIMT, chung da dugc dung dl cbl tao cac thiit bi ECA kieu STEL va EMERALD. Cho toi nam 1997 xk ca cac he th6ng thiit bi dien hoa dugc che tao tai Lien hiep Khoa hpc-San xwk EKRAN (VNIIIMT) diu sir dung modul dien boa kilu moi nhit FEM-3. So do ciu tao cua modul FEM-3 dugc neu tren hinh 1. Sir dung buong dien hoa FEM-3, cac nha nghien cuu da tao ra dugc mgt s6 loai dung dich dien boa c6 cac tinh chat hoa-ly khac nhau [2]. Dung dich c6 ung dung nhilu nhit dl lam chit 202
3. Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010 ve sinh khu triing cho nhieu doi tugng khac nhau dugc cac tac gia dat duoi nhilu ten ggi khac nhau mang mgt dac diem chung la dung dich dugc xir ly trong buong anot. Vi vay dung dich nay thuong dugc ggi voi cac ten co fiep dau ngii ano (tieng Anh: anolyte, tilng Nga: anojiHia AHK, tieng Viet: anolit). So do nguyen ly dieu che anolit dugc neu tren hinh 2. Lan dau tien tai Viet Nam, Vien Cong nghe moi truong (Truoc day la Trung tam phat trien cong nghe cao thuoc Vien Khoa hpc vat lieu) da che tao thiet bi boat boa dien boa mang ten ECAWA tren co so buong dien hoa FEM-3 de dieu chi dung dich khir trung anolit vao nam 2000. Cac thiet bi co nhieu loai cong suat khac nhau tir cac thiet bi cong suat nho (15 lit anolit/h) ung dung cho cac hg ca the de bao quan rau qua, chan nuoi nho le (hinh 3) den thiet bj cong suat ldn (500 lit anolit/h) dung cho cac trang trai chan nuoi va cac nha may che bien thuc pham Ion (hinh 4). Nu<i^ sach Nirac mu6i 1 Ngu5n DC f-T if _)_1_, " • • i KhCO.) Khi (H;) A -°°'l " ^ "" ^'^^ Nu<5^ 0 xy ho^ " J " 4l ct 1 Nuic khil axit dien phan '•^, (HOa, * i N._j_U'^- 1 « (NaOH loani) HQloSng) Mang ng^ NaCUHzO -• Na-ta*H-*OH- Hmh I: So dd cdu tgo budng diin hod FEM-3 Hinh 2: Sa do nguyin ly diiu chi dung dich hoat hda diin hda anolit Hinh 3: Thiit bi ECA WA cd nhd 15 lit Hinh 3: Thid bi ECA WA 500 lit Anolit/h trang anolit/h de xie ly nho Ba Mpi (Ninh Thuan) bi cho Cty chdn nudi Phii Son (Ddng Nai) Ciing voi thoi gian, cac thiet bi ECAWA dugc cai tien khong ngimg: Cac bo phan dien va dien tir dugc nhiet doi boa de van hanh tin cay trong mgi dieu kien thoi tiet, bg phan tu dong dirng boat dong dugc thiet ke cho mgi loai thiet bi de van hanh an toan khi co cac sir co ve dien, nuoc. Cac the he thiet bi dugc che tao gan day da cho phep nguoi van hanh thiet bi khong can danh nhieu thai gian true ben may ma chi can khoi dgng thiet bi vao dau ca va bao 203
4. Tieu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 duong thiet bi vao cuoi ca van hanh. Tinh den nay, co tren 200 thiet bi ECAWA da dugc chi tao va cung cap cho cac ITnh vuc ling dung khac nhau nhu y te, xir ly rau qua, chan nuoi, cbl bien thuc pham 3. iTNG DUNG DUNG DICH ANOLIT 3.1 Ung dung anolit de ve sinh khu" triing moi tru-ong chan nuoi Trong nhung nam gan day, cong nghe boat hoa dien boa da dugc tich cue nghien ciiu ling dung vao thuc tien cai thien moi truang gop phin phong chong dich benh trong chan nuoi. Sau khi khir trimg bing anolit dugc dilu che tai cho tren thiit bi ECAWA, 100%) s6 mau nuoc khong nhiem E.coli, chi con 20%o so mau nhiem Coliform a miic nhe; mat do vi khuin hilu khi (VKHK), Coliform, E.coli va nam tren nIn chuSng dang nuoi Ign giam tir 10 din 1000 lin, con tren be mat mang an - tir 10 den 1600 lin, trong khi do mat do cac vi sinh vat neu tren trong khong khi chuong nuoi giam tir 8()% din 95%. Sau khi phun anolit, n6ng do NH3 va H2S trong khong khi ben trong va ngoai chuong nuoi da giam hi 1,5 din 6 lin [7]. Lgn con theo me dugc uong Anolit 5% tir liic sinh toi khi tach me (21 ngay) co ty le s6ng tang tir 6,9%) din 2,4 %, ty le mic benh tieu chay giam xip xi 7% t6ng dan va miic do tang trgng tang tir 4,5% din 6,2%. Anolit da dugc dimg lam chat sat trimg trong cac cong doan san xuit tom giSng: khir triing nuoc nuoi, khir trung tai be uong khi co mat iu triing tom, tim cho tom b6 me va khir trung dung cu, moi truang nuoi torn. BQii them anolit voi lilu lugng thich hgp vao cac bl uong, mat do vi khuan hilu khi giam hi 40 din 90%. DI khir trung nuac va bl nuoi, chi cin dimg lugng anolit it ban tir 5 toi 10 lin va giam thai gian tir 2 din 3 lin so vai khi dung clorine Ca(0Cl)2. Dong thod, bang each sir dung anolit trong cac cong doan nuoi tom gilng, co thi giam toi 70 % lugng khang sinh thuong dimg [8]. 3.2 Ung dung anolit de bao quan rau qua Dung dich anolit hau nhu khong dgc hai dli vai con nguai va dgng vat nen thudng dugc sir dung nhu la mgt chit khir trung cao cap cho nuac an u6ng cQng nhu khir trimg rau qua. Thuc nghiem cho thay, khi sir dung anolit dl xir ly nho qua truoc khi dong goi da lam cho lop vo qua Cling hon keo dai thai gian bao quan toi 1,5 lin kl ca o nhiet do thuong va trong kho lanh. De bao quan cam sanh o nhiet do thuong, trai cam sau khi thu hoach dugc rira va ngam trong dung dich anolit co nIng d_g clo boat tinh 50 mg/l trong 5 phiit, lam kho bing quat va luu trir trong bao ni Ion co xam lo nho (khoang 4-5% dien tich tiii) sau do dat len gia da dugc ve sinh sach se. Phong luu trii cam cin thong thoang dl nhiet do trong phong thip nhit co thi. Cac ket qua vl ty le giam so qua va giam sir hao hut khIi lugng cam trong thai gian bao quan so voi doi chiing dugc the hien tren hinh 5, 6. 204
5. Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 nam Vien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam - Ha Noi 10/2010 Thdi gian bao quan (ngay) Thdi gian bao quan (ngay) Hinh 5: Ty li sd qud hdng theo thdi gian: BQ - Hinh 6: Mirc dd gidm khdi lupng trong thdi gian Xit ly bdng anolit; DC - Ddi chieng luu trii (khdng xd din nhimg qud bi hdng) Cac ket qua tong hgp da cho thay sau 25 ngay bao quan 6 16 doi chiing 100% so lugng qua cam co dau hieu bi hong, nhirng qua tot nhat cQng bi giam khoi lugng gan 20%. Khi xir ly bang anolit, so lugng qua cam bi hong a ngay thu 30 la 32,5% ± 4,3%, trong khi khoi lugng hao hut chi khoang 7 %. Nhiet do moi truong trong phong bao quan dao dgng tir 26 den 30°C, do am tuong doi dao dgng trong khoang 70% - 80%. Cac phep do chat lugng cam qua 30 ngay bao quan thong qua do duong Brix, do axit va ham lugng vitamin C cho thay cac gia tri nay bi giam tuong ling 7%, \2% va 25% so voi qua tuoi moi thu hoach. De giam thieu sir hao hut ca ve so lugng va chat lugng cam can ket hgp phuong phap xir ly bang anolit voi phuang phap bao quan a nhiet do thap neu can phai bao quan lau dai. 3.3 Ung dung anolit trong che bien thyc pham Ket qua thir nghiem ling dung anolit trong ve sinh khir triing tren day chuyen giet mo gia cam cho thay anolit khir trung hieu qua cac ban thanh pham thit tuoi trong dieu kien san xuat cong nghiep [9]. Sau khi xir ly thit ga nhiem khuan nhan tao bang anolit, mat do cac vi khuan Salmonella, S. aureus, Campylobacter diu giam tir lO'"''* din lO''^'* cfu/g. Miic giam nay nhieu ban miic giam mat do cac vi khuan E.coli, C perfringens va B. cereus (chi tir 10 ' din lO'^'^^ cfu/g) voi thai gian xir ly 30s. Khi phun rira than thit ga bang anolh (clo boat tinh 50mg/l) duoi ap lire khoang 1,5 at, mat do vi khuan E.coli giam 10^'^ va Coliforms giam 10^' cfu/cm^ nhieu ban so vai mau doi chiing phun rira bang nuoc may vo trung. Cac ket qua ciing cho thay viec ngam than thit ga trong nuoc pha anolit lanh (clo boat tinh 50mg/l) co kha nang ban che lay nhiem cheo trong qua trinh che bien. Mgt s6 kit qua thir nghiem ling dung anolit dl ve sinh khir trung dung cu trong che bien thuy san ciia Vien Cong nghe moi trucmg kit hgp voi Vien Ngien ciru Hai san thuc hi?n [10] da cho thiy anolit co triln vgng ung dung tit dl lam chit khir trimg rnoi truong che bien thuy san thay thi cho chit khir triing thuong diing la chlorine bgt co nhieu nhugc diem nhu phat sinh mui clo, toe do khir triing cham, de lai du lugng 3.4 Nghien ciru phat triin cong nghe dieu che dung dich anolit kieu moi Hien nay, Vien Cong nghe moi truang dang nghien ciiu phat trien cong nghe dieu che dung djch anolit kilu moi co cac tinh nang dac biet: nong do chat 6 xy boa cao hon (tren 500mg/l), nIng do khoang thip gin voi nuoc an uong (1000 mg/l) va dinh huong irng dung trong chi biin thuc phim. Viec thay the dung dich muoi nguyen lieu NaCl bang Na2C03 da ting hgp dugc mgt dung dich dien boa moi khong chira clo - dung dich anolit-PEROX. Dung 205
6. Tiiu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 dich nay co thanh phan chinh la percacbonat co tinh 6 xy hoa cao dugc sir dung nhu la mgt tac nhan khir triing khong co clo. Mgt s6 thir nghiem cho thiy hieu luc khu trung cua dung dich nay tuong duong vai dung dich anolit dli vai cac vi khuin thuong phai kiem soat trong che bien thuy san nhu TPC, Coliform, E.coli va Salmonella [II]. 4. KET LUAN Cac kit qua nghien ciiu, trien khai ling dung dung dich anolit trong nong nghiep va che biin thuc phim o nuac ta trong khoang thai gian 10 nam va kha nang che tao cac thiet bi san xuit anolit a trong nuac da the hien tiem nang rat Ion ap dung cong nghe boat hoa dien boa 6 nuoc ta. Cac thanh qua nghien ciiu phat trien cong nghe nay tren the giai trong thai gian gan day da lam tang dang ke hieu qua sir dung anolit qua viec giam chi phi nguyen lieu san xuat dong thai tang nong do cac chat oxy hoa khir triing cua no. Viec nam bat ky thuat mai san xuat anolit se la dgng luc Ion thiic day manh me ling dung cong nghe boat hoa dien hoa trong y te, che bien thuy san va chan nuoi quy mo Ion a nuac ta. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. BaxHp B.M., 3a,i];opoacHHH lO.F., JICOHOB B.H., HaKHHeBa C.A., npHJiyuKHii B.H., (2001), "3jieKmpoxuMUHecKaH aKmueaifUfi; OHUcmKa eodu u nonyneHue nonesnux pacmeopoe", M., BHHHHMT. 2. Vorobjeva N. V., Vorobjeva L. I., & Khodjaev E. Y., (2003^, "The bactericidal effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water on bacterial strains involved in hospital infections", Artificial Organs, 28, 590-592. 3. M3PO, "MemodunecKue pcKOMendaifuu no nojiyneHUto u npuMeueHuto 3KOJi03UHecKU Hucmoeo pacmeopa yuueepccmbHOZO HasHauenuH - auonuma ueumpaiibHOZO sjieKmpoxuMUHecKU aKmueupoeauHoeo AHK (anojiuma AHK) dun tfejieii desuHCpCKijuu, npedcmepujiusaiiuoHHOU oHucmxu u cmepwiusaijuu e Medutfuue, a maKoice odufiui npaeunaM sKcruiyamaifuu u odcnyotcueaHUH ycmanoeoK CT3JI dnn ezo npou36odcmea". MocKBa, 2001. 4. Rey J.F., Duforest-Rey D., Kuznetsov K., "Electrolysed acid water (EAW) for endoscopic disinfections: an alternative to glutaraldehyde or per acetic acid". Endoscopy 2003, 35 (suppl. II), A167. 5. Muhammad Imran AL-HAQ, Junichi SUGIYAMA, Seiichiro ISOBE, (2005), ''Applications of Electrolyzed Water in Agriculture & Food Industries", Food Sci. Technol. Res. 11(2), 135-150. 6. Yu-Ru Huang, Yen-Con Hung, Shun-Yao Hsu, Yao-Wen Huang, Deng-Fwoi Hwang, (2008), "Application of electrolyzed water in the food industry", Food Control 19, 329-345. 7. Nguyin Hoai Chau, Nguyen Van Ha, Nguylri Minh Tuan, Le Anh Bing, (2008), "Ung diing cdc dung dich hogt hod diin hod di khic triing, khic miii vd tdng hiiu qua kinh ti chdn nudi Ipn qui md trang trgi", Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe. Tap 46, Sl 6a, tr. 89-95. 206
7. Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 nam Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010 8. Nguyen Van Ha, Nguyen Hoai Chau, Nguyen Minh Tuan, (2008), "Nghiin cuu icng dung dung dich hogt hod diin hod di khir triing nude vd dung cu trong sdn xudt tdm gidng". Tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe. Tap 46, So 6a, tr. 227-233. 9. Nguyen Van Ha, Nguydn Hoai Chau, (2010), "Nghien cuu ung dung dung dich hogt hod diin hod di khir trung thdn thit gd trin ddy chuyin giit md cdng nghiep ", Tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe. Tap 48, Sl 1, tr.97-103. 10. Nguyen Hoai Chau va cong su, "Nghiin ciru sir dung vd hodn thien cdng nghi diiu chi dung dich hogt hod diin hod di thay thi chdt khie triing trong mdt sd cdng dogn sdn xudt tgi ca sd chi biin thuy sdn xudt khdu", Bao cao tong ket de tai Bg NN&PTNT nam 2008. 11. Ngo Quoc Buu, Nguyen Hoai Chau, Nguyen Van Ha, (2010), "Nghiin cicu tdng hpp dung dich sdt triing peroxocacbonat khdng bin vd triin vpng icng dung cua nd trong chi biin thuy sdn ", Tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe. Tap 48, So 2, tr.47-56. 207